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Several types of AL-FEC (Application-Level FEC) codes for the Packet Erasure Channel exist. Random Linear Codes (RLC), where redundancy packets consist of random linear combinations of source packets over a certain finite field, are a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-08-26 Kazuhisa Matsuzono , Vincent Roca , Hitoshi Asaeda

The growth of long-context Large Language Models (LLMs) significantly increases memory and bandwidth pressure during autoregressive decoding due to the expanding Key-Value (KV) cache. While accuracy-preserving KV-cache quantization (e.g.,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Dayou Du , Shijie Cao , Jianyi Cheng , Luo Mai , Ting Cao , Mao Yang

The question whether RM codes are capacity-achieving is a long-standing open problem in coding theory that was recently answered in the affirmative for transmission over erasure channels [1], [2]. Remarkably, the proof does not rely on…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-07-12 Shrinivas Kudekar , Santhosh Kumar , Marco Mondelli , Henry D. Pfister , Rüdiger Urbanke

Efficient decoding is crucial to high-throughput and power-sensitive wireless communication scenarios. A theoretical analysis of the performance-complexity tradeoff toward low-complexity decoding is required for a better understanding of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Qingqing Peng , Dawei Yin , Dongxu Chang , Yuan Li , Huazi Zhang , Guiying Yan , Guanghui Wang

In this paper, by treating Reed-Muller (RM) codes as a special class of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes and assuming that sub-blocks of the parity-check matrix are randomly interleaved to each other as Gallager's codes, we present a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Xiao Ma

The design of optimal linear block codes capable of being efficiently decoded is of major concern, especially for short block lengths. As near capacity-approaching codes, Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes possess several advantages over…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Yoni Choukroun , Lior Wolf

Recursive list decoding is considered for Reed-Muller (RM) codes. The algorithm repeatedly relegates itself to the shorter RM codes by recalculating the posterior probabilities of their symbols. Intermediate decodings are only performed…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-03-17 Ilya Dumer , Kirill Shabunov

In this paper, we propose an enhanced quasi-maximum likelihood (EQML) decoder for LDPC codes with short block lengths. After the failure of the conventional belief propagation (BP) decoding, the proposed EQML decoder selects unreliable…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-01-31 Peng Kang , Yixuan Xie , Lei Yang , Chen Zheng , Jinhong Yuan , Yuejun Wei

Quantum circuits naturally implement unitary operations on input quantum states. However, non-unitary operations can also be implemented through block encodings, where additional ancilla qubits are introduced and later measured. While block…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 Martina Nibbi , Filippo Della Chiara , Yizhi Shen , Aaron Szasz , Roel Van Beeumen

Sparse superimposed coding (SSC) has emerged as a promising technique for short-packet transmission in ultra-reliable low-latency communication scenarios. However, conventional SSC schemes often suffer from high encoding and decoding…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-23 Yanfeng Zhang , Xi'an Fan , Xu Zhu , Jinkai Zheng , Hui Liang , Weiwei Yang , Tom H. Luan

The paper proposes an iterative Hidden Markov Model (HMM) for decoding a Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) code. It is demonstrated that a first-order HMM provides a natural framework for the decoder. The HMM is time-homogeneous with a fixed…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-29 Jan C Olivier , Etienne Barnard

Non-uniform message quantization techniques such as reconstruction-computation-quantization (RCQ) improve error-correction performance and decrease hardware complexity of low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoders that use a flooding…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-20 Caleb Terrill , Linfang Wang , Sean Chen , Chester Hulse , Calvin Kuo , Richard Wesel , Dariush Divsalar

We consider the distributed computing problem of multiplying a set of vectors with a matrix. For this scenario, Li et al. recently presented a unified coding framework and showed a fundamental tradeoff between computational delay and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-09-19 Albin Severinson , Alexandre Graell i Amat , Eirik Rosnes

Ensuring extremely high reliability in channel coding is essential for 6G networks. The next-generation of ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (xURLLC) scenario within 6G networks requires frame error rate (FER) below $10^{-9}$.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Hee-Youl Kwak , Dae-Young Yun , Yongjune Kim , Sang-Hyo Kim , Jong-Seon No

Space-Time Block Codes (STBCs) suffer from a prohibitively high decoding complexity unless the low-complexity decodability property is taken into consideration in the STBC design. For this purpose, several families of STBCs that involve a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-01-03 Amr Ismail , Jocelyn Fiorina , Hikmet Sari

Due to the substantial scale of Large Language Models (LLMs), the direct application of conventional compression methodologies proves impractical. The computational demands associated with even minimal gradient updates present challenges,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Arnav Chavan , Nahush Lele , Deepak Gupta

Linear Programming (LP) decoding is emerging as an attractive alternative to decode Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes. However, the earliest LP decoders proposed for binary and nonbinary LDPC codes are not suitable for use at moderate…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2011-02-17 Mayur Punekar , Mark F. Flanagan

Randomized sampling has recently been proven a highly efficient technique for computing approximate factorizations of matrices that have low numerical rank. This paper describes an extension of such techniques to a wider class of matrices…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2015-03-25 Per-Gunnar Martinsson

This paper proposes Fulcrum network codes, a network coding framework that achieves three seemingly conflicting objectives: (i) to reduce the coding coefficient overhead to almost n bits per packet in a generation of n packets; (ii) to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-11-19 Daniel E. Lucani , Morten V. Pedersen , Diego Ruano , Chres W. Sørensen , Frank H. P. Fitzek , Janus Heide , Olav Geil

Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes have been successfully commercialized in communication systems due to their strong error correction capabilities and simple decoding process. However, the error-floor phenomenon of LDPC codes, in which…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Hee-Youl Kwak , Dae-Young Yun , Yongjune Kim , Sang-Hyo Kim , Jong-Seon No