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Large language models (LLMs) have the potential to revolutionize computational social science, particularly in automated textual analysis. In this paper, we conduct a systematic evaluation of the promises and risks associated with using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Hao Lin , Yongjun Zhang

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has achieved tremendous success in the field of Natural Language Processing owing to diverse training paradigms that empower LLMs to effectively capture intricate linguistic patterns and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Lemei Zhang , Peng Liu , Yashar Deldjoo , Yong Zheng , Jon Atle Gulla

Warning: This research studies AI persuasion and bias amplification that could be misused; all experiments are for safety evaluation. Large Language Models (LLMs) now generate convincing, human-like text and are widely used in content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Saumya Roy

This paper presents a systematic evaluation of Large Language Models' (LLMs) behavior on long-tail distributed (encrypted) texts and their safety implications. We introduce a two-dimensional framework for assessing LLM safety: (1)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Utsav Maskey , Mark Dras , Usman Naseem

Large Language Model (LLM) is changing the software development paradigm and has gained huge attention from both academia and industry. Researchers and developers collaboratively explore how to leverage the powerful problem-solving ability…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Qiang Hu , Xiaofei Xie , Sen Chen , Lei Ma

Large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential as general-purpose AI assistants in various domains. To meet the requirements of different applications, LLMs are often customized by further fine-tuning. However, the powerful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Xin Zhou , Yi Lu , Ruotian Ma , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

Background: Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly being integrated into healthcare, promising to enhance various clinical tasks. However, concerns exist regarding their potential for bias, which could compromise patient care and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Thanathip Suenghataiphorn , Narisara Tribuddharat , Pojsakorn Danpanichkul , Narathorn Kulthamrongsri

Over the past few years, the abilities of large language models (LLMs) have received extensive attention, which have performed exceptionally well in complicated scenarios such as logical reasoning and symbolic inference. A significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Junbing Yan , Chengyu Wang , Jun Huang , Wei Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) can sometimes report the strategies they actually use to solve tasks, yet at other times seem unable to recognize those strategies that govern their behavior. This suggests a limited degree of metacognition -…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Li Ji-An , Hua-Dong Xiong , Robert C. Wilson , Marcelo G. Mattar , Marcus K. Benna

Inspired by the exceptional general intelligence of Large Language Models (LLMs), researchers have begun to explore their application in pioneering the next generation of recommender systems - systems that are conversational, explainable,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Wensheng Lu , Jianxun Lian , Wei Zhang , Guanghua Li , Mingyang Zhou , Hao Liao , Xing Xie

This paper explores the pressing issue of risk assessment in Large Language Models (LLMs) as they become increasingly prevalent in various applications. Focusing on how reward models, which are designed to fine-tune pretrained LLMs to align…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Bahareh Harandizadeh , Abel Salinas , Fred Morstatter

The pursuit of leaderboard rankings in Large Language Models (LLMs) has created a fundamental paradox: models excel at standardized tests while failing to demonstrate genuine language understanding and adaptability. Our systematic analysis…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Sourav Banerjee , Ayushi Agarwal , Eishkaran Singh

Large Language Models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that bypass their safety mechanisms. Existing attack methods are fixed or specifically tailored for certain models and cannot flexibly adjust attack strength, which is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Yiting Dong , Guobin Shen , Dongcheng Zhao , Xiang He , Yi Zeng

Numerous works are proposed to align large language models (LLMs) with human intents to better fulfill instructions, ensuring they are trustful and helpful. Nevertheless, some human instructions are often malicious or misleading and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Rui Wang , Hongru Wang , Fei Mi , Yi Chen , Boyang Xue , Kam-Fai Wong , Ruifeng Xu

We investigate whether large language models (LLMs) can predict whether they will succeed on a given task and whether their predictions improve as they progress through multi-step tasks. We also investigate whether LLMs can learn from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Casey O. Barkan , Sid Black , Oliver Sourbut

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated substantial commonsense understanding through numerous benchmark evaluations. However, their understanding of cultural commonsense remains largely unexamined. In this paper, we conduct a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Siqi Shen , Lajanugen Logeswaran , Moontae Lee , Honglak Lee , Soujanya Poria , Rada Mihalcea

Current vision large language models (VLLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities yet are prone to generate harmful content and are vulnerable to even the simplest jailbreaking attacks. Our initial analysis finds that this is due to the presence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Yongshuo Zong , Ondrej Bohdal , Tingyang Yu , Yongxin Yang , Timothy Hospedales

The use of large language models (LLMs) for qualitative analysis is gaining attention in various fields, including software engineering, where qualitative methods are essential for understanding human and social factors. This study aimed to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Matheus de Morais Leça , Lucas Valença , Reydne Santos , Ronnie de Souza Santos

Large language models (LLMs) represent significant breakthroughs in artificial intelligence and hold potential for applications within smart grids. However, as demonstrated in previous literature, AI technologies are susceptible to various…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Jiangnan Li , Yingyuan Yang , Jinyuan Sun

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have sparked widespread concerns about their safety. Recent work demonstrates that safety alignment of LLMs can be easily removed by fine-tuning with a few adversarially chosen…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Samuele Poppi , Zheng-Xin Yong , Yifei He , Bobbie Chern , Han Zhao , Aobo Yang , Jianfeng Chi