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We consider the problem of performing Bayesian inference in probabilistic models where observations are accompanied by uncertainty, referred to as "uncertain evidence." We explore how to interpret uncertain evidence, and by extension the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-01-27 Andreas Munk , Alexander Mead , Frank Wood

We propose the Variation Calibration Error (VCE) metric for assessing the calibration of machine learning classifiers. The metric can be viewed as an extension of the well-known Expected Calibration Error (ECE) which assesses the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Andrew Thompson , Vivek Desai

The Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) mainly deals with measurement models having only a single output quantity. However, in many cases more than one output quantity is required, where all of them are related to a…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2011-04-29 Michael P. Krystek

Monte Carlo simulation provides a powerful tool for understanding and exploring thermodynamic phase equilibria in many-particle interacting systems. Among the most physically intuitive simulation methods is Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-12 Alan R. Denton , Michael P. Schmidt

We present a simple comparative framework for testing and developing uncertainty modeling in uncertain marching cubes implementations. The selection of a model to represent the probability distribution of uncertain values directly…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Robert Sisneros , Tushar M. Athawale , David Pugmire , Kenneth Moreland

Geospatial observations combined with computational models have become key to understanding the physical systems of our environment and enable the design of best practices to reduce societal harm. Cloud-based deployments help to scale up…

As deep learning applications are becoming more and more pervasive in robotics, the question of evaluating the reliability of inferences becomes a central question in the robotics community. This domain, known as predictive uncertainty, has…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-08-21 Michel Moukari , Loïc Simon , Sylvaine Picard , Frédéric Jurie

In this paper, we propose a virtual clinical trial for assessing the performance and identifying risks in closed-loop diabetes treatments. Virtual clinical trials enable fast and risk-free tests of many treatment variations for large…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-03-01 Asbjørn Thode Reenberg , Tobias K. S. Ritschel , Bernd Dammann , John Bagterp Jørgensen

As large language models (LLMs) continue to evolve, understanding and quantifying the uncertainty in their predictions is critical for enhancing application credibility. However, the existing literature relevant to LLM uncertainty…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Hsiu-Yuan Huang , Yutong Yang , Zhaoxi Zhang , Sanwoo Lee , Yunfang Wu

Fast and accurate predictions of uncertainties in the computed dose are crucial for the determination of robust treatment plans in radiation therapy. This requires the solution of particle transport problems with uncertain parameters or…

Medical Physics · Physics 2022-11-09 Pia Stammer , Lucas Burigo , Oliver Jäkel , Martin Frank , Niklas Wahl

Variational inference is a general approach for approximating complex density functions, such as those arising in latent variable models, popular in machine learning. It has been applied to approximate the maximum likelihood estimator and…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-04-19 Yen-Chi Chen , Y. Samuel Wang , Elena A. Erosheva

In the database community, we typically evaluate new methods based on experimental results, which we produce by integrating the proposed method along with a set of baselines in a single benchmarking codebase and measuring the individual…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Simon Jörz , Felix Schuhknecht

Introducing accelerated reconstruction algorithms into clinical settings requires measures of uncertainty quantification that accurately assess the relevant uncertainty introduced by the reconstruction algorithm. Many currently deployed…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-12 Luca L. C. Trautmann , Peter A. Wijeratne , Itamar Ronen , Ivor J. A. Simpson

Computational methods for assessing the likely impacts of mutations, known as variant effect predictors (VEPs), are widely used in the assessment and interpretation of human genetic variation, as well as in other applications like protein…

The virtual element method (VEM) allows discretization of elasticity and plasticity problems with polygons in 2D and polyhedrals in 3D. The polygons (and polyhedrals) can have an arbitrary number of sides and can be concave or convex. These…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-12-05 Louie L. Yaw

Monte Carlo methods, Variational Inference, and their combinations play a pivotal role in sampling from intractable probability distributions. However, current studies lack a unified evaluation framework, relying on disparate performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Denis Blessing , Xiaogang Jia , Johannes Esslinger , Francisco Vargas , Gerhard Neumann

If autonomous vehicles are to be widely accepted, we need to ensure their safe operation. For this reason, verification and validation (V&V) approaches must be developed that are suitable for this domain. Model checking is a formal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2016-09-02 Murray L. Ireland , Ruth Hoffmann , Alice Miller , Gethin Norman , Sandor M. Veres

We introduce a Monte Carlo Virtual Element estimator based on Virtual Element discretizations for stochastic elliptic partial differential equations with random diffusion coefficients. We prove estimates for the statistical approximation…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-16 Paola F. Antonietti , Francesca Bonizzoni , Ilaria Perugia , Marco Verani

An introductory exposition of the virtual element method (VEM) is provided. The intent is to make this method more accessible to those unfamiliar with VEM. Familiarity with the finite element method for solving 2D linear elasticity problems…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-09-25 L. L. Yaw

The Virtual Image Correlation method applies for the measurement of silhouettes boundaries with sub-pixel precision. It consists in a correlation between the image of interest and a virtual image based on a parametrized curve. Thanks to a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-11 M. L. M. François