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Large language models face significant computational bottlenecks during inference due to the expensive output layer computation over large vocabularies. We present CSV-Decode, a novel approach that uses geometric upper bounds to construct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Dong Liu , Yanxuan Yu , Ben Lengerich

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) lending protocols like Aave v3 rely on over-collateralization to secure loans, yet users frequently face liquidation due to volatile market conditions. Existing risk management tools utilize static health-factor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Fernando Spadea , Oshani Seneviratne

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) is reshaping traditional finance by enabling direct transactions without intermediaries, creating a rich source of open financial data. Layer 2 (L2) solutions are emerging to enhance the scalability and…

General Economics · Economics 2025-08-11 Nir Chemaya , Lin William Cong , Emma Jorgensen , Dingyue Liu , Luyao Zhang

Multimodal fusion requires integrating information from multiple sources that may conflict depending on context. Existing fusion approaches typically rely on static assumptions about source reliability, limiting their ability to resolve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Pranuthi Tenali , Sahil Sidheekh , Saurabh Mathur , Erik Blasch , Kristian Kersting , Sriraam Natarajan

Currently, smart contract vulnerabilities (SCVs) have emerged as a major factor threatening the transaction security of blockchain. Existing state-of-the-art methods rely on deep learning to mitigate this threat. They treat each input…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Yizhou Chen , Zeyu Sun , Zhihao Gong , Dan Hao

Time series causal discovery is essential for understanding dynamic systems, yet many existing methods remain sensitive to noise, non-stationarity, and sampling variability. We propose the Validated Consensus-Driven Framework (VCDF), a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Gene Yu , Ce Guo , Wayne Luk

Modern Security Operations Centres (SOCs) integrate diverse tools, such as SIEM, IDS, and XDR systems, offering rich contextual data, including alert enrichments, flow features, and similar case histories. Yet, analysts must still manually…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Ronal Singh , Mohan Baruwal Chhetri , Surya Nepal , Cecile Paris

Decentralized finance (DeFi) applications depend on accurate price oracles to ensure secure transactions, yet these oracles are highly vulnerable to manipulation, enabling attackers to exploit smart contract vulnerabilities for unfair asset…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Bo Gao , Yuan Wang , Qingsong Wei , Yong Liu , Rick Siow Mong Goh , David Lo

Dense video captioning involves detecting and describing events within video sequences. Traditional methods operate in an offline setting, assuming the entire video is available for analysis. In contrast, in this work we introduce a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Eduardo Blanco-Fernández , Carlos Gutiérrez-Álvarez , Nadia Nasri , Saturnino Maldonado-Bascón , Roberto J. López-Sastre

We propose a Central Bank Digital Currency Evaluation and Verification (CEV) Framework for recommending and verifying technical solutions in the central bank digital currency (CBDC) system. We demonstrate two sub-frameworks: an evaluation…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Si Yuan Jin , Yong Xia

Intelligent Connected Vehicles (ICVs) are a core component of modern transportation systems, and their security is crucial as it directly relates to user safety. Despite prior research, most existing studies focus only on specific…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Yuelin Wang , Yuqiao Ning , Yanbang Sun , Xiaofei Xie , Zhihua Xie , Yang Chen , Zhen Guo , Shihao Xue , Junjie Wang , Sen Chen

Standard evaluation metrics for machine learning -- accuracy, precision, recall, and AUROC -- assume that all errors are equivalent: a confident incorrect prediction is penalized identically to an uncertain one. For discrete commitment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Datorien L. Anderson

Price manipulation attack is one of the notorious threats in decentralized finance (DeFi) applications, which allows attackers to exchange tokens at an extensively deviated price from the market. Existing efforts usually rely on reactive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Bosi Zhang , Ningyu He , Xiaohui Hu , Kai Ma , Haoyu Wang

Software vulnerability detection can be formulated as a binary classification problem that determines whether a given code snippet contains security defects. Existing multimodal methods typically fuse Natural Code Sequence (NCS)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Yun Bian , Yi Chen , HaiQuan Wang , ShiHao Li , Zhe Cui

Decentralized bridge applications are important software that connects various blockchains and facilitates cross-chain asset transfer in the decentralized finance (DeFi) ecosystem which currently operates in a multi-chain environment.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Dan Lin , Jiajing Wu , Yuxin Su , Ziye Zheng , Yuhong Nan , Qinnan Zhang , Bowen Song , Zibin Zheng

Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) have progressively shifted from signature-based techniques toward machine learning and, more recently, deep learning methods. Meanwhile, the widespread adoption of encryption has reduced payload…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Abdelkader El Mahdaouy , Issam Ait Yahia , Soufiane Oualil , Ismail Berrada

Detecting vulnerabilities in source code remains critical yet challenging, as conventional static analysis tools construct inaccurate program representations, while existing LLM-based approaches often miss essential vulnerability context…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yiheng Cao , Yihao Chen , Xin Hu , Bihuan Chen , Jiayi Deng , Zhuotong Zhou , Susheng Wu , Yiheng Huang , Xueying Du , Xingman Chen , Miaohua Li , Xin Peng

Identifying the vulnerabilities exploited during cyberattacks is essential for enabling timely responses and effective mitigation in software security. This paper directly examines the process of predicting software vulnerabilities,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Refat Othman , Diaeddin Rimawi , Bruno Rossi , Barbara Russo

Deepfake technology poses a significant threat to security and social trust. Although existing detection methods have shown high performance in identifying forgeries within datasets that use the same deepfake techniques for both training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Shanmin Yang , Hui Guo , Shu Hu , Bin Zhu , Ying Fu , Siwei Lyu , Xi Wu , Xin Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in software engineering tasks, but evaluating their effectiveness in vulnerability detection is challenging due to the lack of high-quality datasets. Most existing datasets are limited to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Md Basim Uddin Ahmed , Nima Shiri Harzevili , Jiho Shin , Hung Viet Pham , Song Wang