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Positional encodings enable Transformers to incorporate sequential information, yet their theoretical understanding remains limited to two properties: distance attenuation and translation invariance. Because natural language lacks purely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Zihan Gu , Ruoyu Chen , Han Zhang , Hua Zhang , Yue Hu

A major problem in machine learning is that of inductive bias: how to choose a learner's hypothesis space so that it is large enough to contain a solution to the problem being learnt, yet small enough to ensure reliable generalization from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-06-02 J. Baxter

Conventional image denoising models often inadvertently learn spurious correlations between environmental factors and noise patterns. Moreover, due to high-frequency ambiguity, they struggle to reliably distinguish subtle textures from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Kuai Jiang , Zhaoyan Ding , Guijuan Zhang , Dianjie Lu , Zhuoran Zheng

We demonstrate that architectures which traditionally are considered to be ill-suited for a task can be trained using inductive biases from another architecture. We call a network untrainable when it overfits, underfits, or converges to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Vighnesh Subramaniam , David Mayo , Colin Conwell , Tomaso Poggio , Boris Katz , Brian Cheung , Andrei Barbu

Finding an interpretable non-redundant representation of real-world data is one of the key problems in Machine Learning. Biological neural networks are known to solve this problem quite well in unsupervised manner, yet unsupervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Denis Kuzminykh , Laida Kushnareva , Timofey Grigoryev , Alexander Zatolokin

Contrastive learning is a popular form of self-supervised learning that encourages augmentations (views) of the same input to have more similar representations compared to augmentations of different inputs. Recent attempts to theoretically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Nikunj Saunshi , Jordan Ash , Surbhi Goel , Dipendra Misra , Cyril Zhang , Sanjeev Arora , Sham Kakade , Akshay Krishnamurthy

Regularized training of an autoencoder typically results in hidden unit biases that take on large negative values. We show that negative biases are a natural result of using a hidden layer whose responsibility is to both represent the input…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-04-09 Kishore Konda , Roland Memisevic , David Krueger

Compressed sensing techniques enable efficient acquisition and recovery of sparse, high-dimensional data signals via low-dimensional projections. In this work, we propose Uncertainty Autoencoders, a learning framework for unsupervised…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-04-15 Aditya Grover , Stefano Ermon

Image generating neural networks are mostly viewed as black boxes, where any change in the input can have a number of globally effective changes on the output. In this work, we propose a method for learning disentangled representations to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Maren Awiszus , Hanno Ackermann , Bodo Rosenhahn

Disentangled representation learning has recently attracted a significant amount of attention, particularly in the field of image representation learning. However, learning the disentangled representations behind a graph remains largely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Xiaojie Guo , Liang Zhao , Zhao Qin , Lingfei Wu , Amarda Shehu , Yanfang Ye

Recently, nested dropout was proposed as a method for ordering representation units in autoencoders by their information content, without diminishing reconstruction cost. However, it has only been applied to training fully-connected…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-04-13 Chelsea Finn , Lisa Anne Hendricks , Trevor Darrell

Current autoencoder-based disentangled representation learning methods achieve disentanglement by penalizing the (aggregate) posterior to encourage statistical independence of the latent factors. This approach introduces a trade-off between…

Disentangled representation learning offers useful properties such as dimension reduction and interpretability, which are essential to modern deep learning approaches. Although deep learning techniques have been widely applied to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-11 Sichen Zhao , Wei Shao , Jeffrey Chan , Flora D. Salim

In this work, we evaluate two different image clustering objectives, k-means clustering and correlation clustering, in the context of Triplet Loss induced feature space embeddings. Specifically, we train a convolutional neural network to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Kalun Ho , Janis Keuper , Franz-Josef Pfreundt , Margret Keuper

In this paper we present an end-to-end meta-learned system for image compression. Traditional machine learning based approaches to image compression train one or more neural network for generalization performance. However, at inference…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-04 Nannan Zou , Honglei Zhang , Francesco Cricri , Hamed R. Tavakoli , Jani Lainema , Miska Hannuksela , Emre Aksu , Esa Rahtu

We propose TopDis (Topological Disentanglement), a method for learning disentangled representations via adding a multi-scale topological loss term. Disentanglement is a crucial property of data representations substantial for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Nikita Balabin , Daria Voronkova , Ilya Trofimov , Evgeny Burnaev , Serguei Barannikov

With the growing interest in the machine learning community to solve real-world problems, it has become crucial to uncover the hidden reasoning behind their decisions by focusing on the fairness and auditing the predictions made by these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Akshita Jha , Bhanukiran Vinzamuri , Chandan K. Reddy

Conformal Autoencoders are a neural network architecture that imposes orthogonality conditions between the gradients of latent variables to obtain disentangled representations of data. In this work we show that orthogonality relations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-14 George A. Kevrekidis , Zan Ahmad , Mauro Maggioni , Soledad Villar , Yannis G. Kevrekidis

Anomaly detection on attributed graphs is a crucial topic for its practical application. Existing methods suffer from semantic mixture and imbalance issue because they mainly focus on anomaly discrimination, ignoring representation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-12 YanMing Hu , Chuan Chen , BoWen Deng , YuJing Lai , Hao Lin , ZiBin Zheng , Jing Bian

Autoencoders are commonly trained using element-wise loss. However, element-wise loss disregards high-level structures in the image which can lead to embeddings that disregard them as well. A recent improvement to autoencoders that helps…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-06 Gustav Grund Pihlgren , Fredrik Sandin , Marcus Liwicki