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As Large Language Models (LLMs) and other forms of Generative AI permeate various aspects of our lives, their application for learning and education has provided opportunities and challenges. This paper presents an investigation into the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Daniel Leiker , Sara Finnigan , Ashley Ricker Gyllen , Mutlu Cukurova

Generative Pretrained Transformers (GPTs) are foundational Large Language Models (LLMs) for text generation. However, individual LLMs often produce inconsistent outputs and exhibit biases, limiting their representation of diverse language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Mari Ashiga , Wei Jie , Fan Wu , Vardan Voskanyan , Fateme Dinmohammadi , Paul Brookes , Jingzhi Gong , Zheng Wang

Large decoder-only language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in generation and reasoning tasks, where they generate text responses given instructions. However, many applications, e.g., retrieval augmented generation (RAG),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Caojin Zhang , Qiang Zhang , Ke Li , Sai Vidyaranya Nuthalapati , Benyu Zhang , Jason Liu , Serena Li , Lizhu Zhang , Xiangjun Fan

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a notable field, attracting significant attention for its ability to automatically generate intelligent contents for various application domains. However, LLMs still suffer from…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Kongyang Chen , Zixin Wang , Bing Mi , Waixi Liu , Shaowei Wang , Xiaojun Ren , Jiaxing Shen

Large language models (LLMs) have garnered significant attention for their superior performance in many knowledge-driven applications on the world wide web.These models are designed to train hundreds of millions or more parameters on large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Bingchen Liu , Yuanyuan Fang , Naixing Xu , Shihao Hou , Xin Li , Qian Li

Steganography is an emerging area which is used for secured data transmission over any public media.Steganography is a process that involves hiding a message in an appropriate carrier like image or audio. It is of Greek origin and means…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2010-05-27 Mamta Juneja , Parvinder singh Sandhu

Amidst the sharp rise in the evaluation of large language models (LLMs) on various tasks, we find that semantic textual similarity (STS) has been under-explored. In this study, we show that STS can be cast as a text generation problem while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Joseph Gatto , Omar Sharif , Parker Seegmiller , Philip Bohlman , Sarah Masud Preum

Large language models (LLMs) are sophisticated artificial intelligence systems that enable machines to generate human-like text with remarkable precision. While LLMs offer significant technological progress, their development using vast…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Yashothara Shanmugarasa , Ming Ding , M. A. P Chamikara , Thierry Rakotoarivelo

The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized the capabilities of text comprehension and generation. Multi-modal generation attracts great attention from both the industry and academia, but there is little work on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Xiaoteng Shen , Rui Zhang , Xiaoyan Zhao , Jieming Zhu , Xi Xiao

Steganography is the science of hiding a secret message within an ordinary public message. Over the years, steganography has been used to encode a lower resolution image into a higher resolution image by simple methods like LSB…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Abhishek Das , Japsimar Singh Wahi , Mansi Anand , Yugant Rana

Language Model (LM)-based generative modeling has emerged as a promising direction for TSE, offering potential for improved generalization and high-fidelity speech. We present GenTSE, a two-stage decoder-only generative LM approach for TSE:…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-25 Haoyang Li , Xuyi Zhuang , Azmat Adnan , Ye Ni , Wei Rao , Shreyas Gopal , Eng Siong Chng

We introduce a cryptographic method to hide an arbitrary secret payload in the response of a Large Language Model (LLM). A secret key is required to extract the payload from the model's response, and without the key it is provably…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Or Zamir

This survey reviews how large language models (LLMs) are transforming synthetic training data generation in both natural language and code domains. By producing artificial but task-relevant examples, these models can significantly augment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Mihai Nadas , Laura Diosan , Andreea Tomescu

Diffusion models have exhibited substantial success in text-to-image generation. However, they often encounter challenges when dealing with complex and dense prompts involving multiple objects, attribute binding, and long descriptions. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Mushui Liu , Yuhang Ma , Yang Zhen , Jun Dan , Yunlong Yu , Zeng Zhao , Zhipeng Hu , Bai Liu , Changjie Fan

The remarkable performance of large language models (LLMs) in generation tasks has enabled practitioners to leverage publicly available models to power custom applications, such as chatbots and virtual assistants. However, the data used to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Yuetai Li , Zhangchen Xu , Fengqing Jiang , Luyao Niu , Dinuka Sahabandu , Bhaskar Ramasubramanian , Radha Poovendran

We propose to utilize an instruction-tuned large language model (LLM) for guiding the text generation process in automatic speech recognition (ASR). Modern large language models (LLMs) are adept at performing various text generation tasks…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-08 Yosuke Higuchi , Tetsuji Ogawa , Tetsunori Kobayashi

Detecting life-threatening language is essential for safeguarding individuals in distress, promoting mental health and well-being, and preventing potential harm and loss of life. This paper presents an effective approach to identifying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Thanh Thi Nguyen , Campbell Wilson , Janis Dalins

Watermarking for large language models (LLMs) offers a promising approach to identifying AI-generated text. Existing approaches, however, either compromise the distribution of original generated text by LLMs or are limited to embedding…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Ya Jiang , Chuxiong Wu , Massieh Kordi Boroujeny , Brian Mark , Kai Zeng

Steganography conceals the secret message into the cover media, generating a stego media which can be transmitted on public channels without drawing suspicion. As its countermeasure, steganalysis mainly aims to detect whether the secret…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Yong Xu , Zhihua Xia , Zichi Wang , Xinpeng Zhang , Jian Weng

Recent Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in generating text that closely resembles human writing across wide range of styles and genres. However, such capabilities are prone to potential abuse, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Harika Abburi , Kalyani Roy , Michael Suesserman , Nirmala Pudota , Balaji Veeramani , Edward Bowen , Sanmitra Bhattacharya