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To detect stego (steganographic text) in complex scenarios, linguistic steganalysis (LS) with various motivations has been proposed and achieved excellent performance. However, with the development of generative steganography, some stegos…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Yifan Tang , Yihao Wang , Ru Zhang , Jianyi Liu

Linguistic steganography aims to conceal information within natural language text without being detected. An effective steganography approach should encode the secret message into a minimal number of language tokens while preserving the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Yu-Shin Huang , Chao Tian , Krishna Narayanan , Lizhong Zheng

Understanding and addressing potential safety alignment risks in large language models (LLMs) is critical for ensuring their safe and trustworthy deployment. In this paper, we highlight an insidious safety threat: a compromised LLM can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Guangnian Wan , Xinyin Ma , Gongfan Fang , Xinchao Wang

Steganography embeds secret messages in seemingly innocuous carriers for covert communication under surveillance. Current Provably Secure Steganography (PSS) schemes based on language models can guarantee computational indistinguishability…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Kaiyi Pang , Minhao Bai

Linguistic steganography (LS) aims to embed secret information into a highly encoded text for covert communication. It can be roughly divided to two main categories, i.e., modification based LS (MLS) and generation based LS (GLS). Unlike…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Tianyu Yang , Hanzhou Wu , Biao Yi , Guorui Feng , Xinpeng Zhang

Steganography is the art and science of writing hidden messages in such a way that no one apart from the sender and the receiver would realize that a secret communicating is taking place. Unlike cryptography which only scrambles secret data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-12-13 Youssef Bassil

Despite remarkable progress in steganography, embedding semantically rich, sentence-level information into carriers remains a challenging problem. In this work, we present a novel concept of Semantic Steganography, which aims to hide…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Huanqi Wu , Huangbiao Xu , Runfeng Xie , Jiaxin Cai , Kaixin Zhang , Xiao Ke

Recent provably secure linguistic steganography (PSLS) methods rely on mainstream autoregressive language models (ARMs) to address historically challenging tasks, that is, to disguise covert communication as ``innocuous'' natural language…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Yuang Qi , Na Zhao , Qiyi Yao , Benlong Wu , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu , Kejiang Chen

Recent advances in linguistic steganalysis have successively applied CNN, RNN, GNN and other efficient deep models for detecting secret information in generative texts. These methods tend to seek stronger feature extractors to achieve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-03 Biao Yi , Hanzhou Wu , Guorui Feng , Xinpeng Zhang

With the rapid progress of LLMs, high quality generative text has become widely available as a cover for text steganography. However, prevailing methods rely on hand-crafted or pre-specified strategies and struggle to balance efficiency,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Jiuan Zhou , Yu Cheng , Yuan Xie , Zhaoxia Yin

State of the art generative models of human-produced content are the focus of many recent papers that explore their use for steganographic communication. In particular, generative models of natural language text. Loosely, these works…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Luke A. Bauer , James K. Howes , Sam A. Markelon , Vincent Bindschaedler , Thomas Shrimpton

As large language models (LLMs) become integrated into sensitive workflows, concerns grow over their potential to leak confidential information. We propose TrojanStego, a novel threat model in which an adversary fine-tunes an LLM to embed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Dominik Meier , Jan Philip Wahle , Paul Röttger , Terry Ruas , Bela Gipp

Generative linguistic steganography attempts to hide secret messages into covertext. Previous studies have generally focused on the statistical differences between the covertext and stegotext, however, ill-formed stegotext can readily be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Ke Lin , Yiyang Luo , Zijian Zhang , Ping Luo

Steganography is the art and science of hiding secret messages in public communication so that the presence of the secret messages cannot be detected. There are two distribution-preserving steganographic frameworks, one is sampling-based…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2020-11-23 Kejiang Chen , Hang Zhou , Hanqing Zhao , Dongdong Chen , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu

Large language models are beginning to show steganographic capabilities. Such capabilities could allow misaligned models to evade oversight mechanisms. Yet principled methods to detect and quantify such behaviours are lacking. Classical…

In this paper, we introduce LDGen, a novel method for integrating large language models (LLMs) into existing text-to-image diffusion models while minimizing computational demands. Traditional text encoders, such as CLIP and T5, exhibit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Pengzhi Li , Pengfei Yu , Zide Liu , Wei He , Xuhao Pan , Xudong Rao , Tao Wei , Wei Chen

With advances in neural language models, the focus of linguistic steganography has shifted from edit-based approaches to generation-based ones. While the latter's payload capacity is impressive, generating genuine-looking texts remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Honai Ueoka , Yugo Murawaki , Sadao Kurohashi

Linguistic steganography involves embedding secret messages within seemingly innocuous texts to enable covert communication. Provable security, which is a long-standing goal and key motivation, has been extended to language-model-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Ruiyi Yan , Yugo Murawaki

Currently, cryptography is in wide use as it is being exploited in various domains from data confidentiality to data integrity and message authentication. Basically, cryptography shuffles data so that they become unreadable by unauthorized…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-12-11 Youssef Bassil

Synthetic data has the potential to improve the performance, training efficiency, and privacy of real training examples. Nevertheless, existing approaches for synthetic text generation are mostly heuristics and cannot generate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Dang Nguyen , Zeman Li , Mohammadhossein Bateni , Vahab Mirrokni , Meisam Razaviyayn , Baharan Mirzasoleiman