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Text-to-image (T2I) systems increasingly rely on upstream prompters, either humans or multimodal large language models (MLLMs), to translate user intent into detailed prompts. Yet current benchmarks fix the prompt and only evaluate T2I…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Hanjun Luo , Zhimu Huang , Sylvia Chung , Yiran Wang , Yingbin Jin , Jialin Li , Jiang Li , Xinfeng Li , Hanan Salam

State-of-The-Art (SoTA) image captioning models are often trained on the MicroSoft Common Objects in Context (MS-COCO) dataset, which contains human-annotated captions with an average length of approximately ten tokens. Although effective…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Luigi Celona , Simone Bianco , Marco Donzella , Paolo Napoletano

Image captioning bridges the gap between vision and language by automatically generating natural language descriptions for images. Traditional image captioning methods often overlook the preferences and characteristics of users.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Xuan Wang , Guanhong Wang , Wenhao Chai , Jiayu Zhou , Gaoang Wang

Large language models (LLMs) and large multimodal models (LMMs) have significantly impacted the AI community, industry, and various economic sectors. In journalism, integrating AI poses unique challenges and opportunities, particularly in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Aliki Anagnostopoulou , Thiago Gouvea , Daniel Sonntag

Text-to-image generative models have achieved remarkable visual quality but still struggle with compositionality$-$accurately capturing object relationships, attribute bindings, and fine-grained details in prompts. A key limitation is that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Arman Zarei , Jiacheng Pan , Matthew Gwilliam , Soheil Feizi , Zhenheng Yang

With the rapid development of Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC), it has become a common practice to train models on synthetic data due to data-scarcity and privacy leakage problems. Owing to massive and diverse information…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Shiye Lei , Hao Chen , Sen Zhang , Bo Zhao , Dacheng Tao

Existing automatic evaluation on text-to-image synthesis can only provide an image-text matching score, without considering the object-level compositionality, which results in poor correlation with human judgments. In this work, we propose…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Yujie Lu , Xianjun Yang , Xiujun Li , Xin Eric Wang , William Yang Wang

While deep-learning models have been shown to perform well on image-to-text datasets, it is difficult to use them in practice for captioning images. This is because captions traditionally tend to be context-dependent and offer complementary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Shinjini Ghosh , Sagnik Anupam

The task of image captioning demands an algorithm to generate natural language descriptions of visual inputs. Recent advancements have seen a convergence between image captioning research and the development of Large Language Models (LLMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Davide Bucciarelli , Nicholas Moratelli , Marcella Cornia , Lorenzo Baraldi , Rita Cucchiara

Text-to-Image (T2I) has been prevalent in recent years, with most common condition tasks having been optimized nicely. Besides, counterfactual Text-to-Image is obstructing us from a more versatile AIGC experience. For those scenes that are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Sifan Li , Ming Tao , Hao Zhao , Ling Shao , Hao Tang

While text-to-image (T2I) models can synthesize high-quality images, their performance degrades significantly when prompted with novel or out-of-distribution (OOD) entities due to inherent knowledge cutoffs. We introduce World-To-Image, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Moo Hyun Son , Jintaek Oh , Sun Bin Mun , Jaechul Roh , Sehyun Choi

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) excel at generating highly detailed captions but often produce hallucinations. Our analysis reveals that existing hallucination detection methods struggle with detailed captions. We attribute this to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Saehyung Lee , Seunghyun Yoon , Trung Bui , Jing Shi , Sungroh Yoon

Despite their impressive realism, modern text-to-image models still struggle with compositionality, often failing to render accurate object counts, attributes, and spatial relations. To address this challenge, we present a training-free…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Minsuk Ji , Sanghyeok Lee , Namhyuk Ahn

Image captioning is a research hotspot where encoder-decoder models combining convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) achieve promising results. Despite significant progress, these models generate sentences…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-16 Hongwei Ge , Zehang Yan , Kai Zhang , Mingde Zhao , Liang Sun

Visual captioning aims to generate textual descriptions given images or videos. Traditionally, image captioning models are trained on human annotated datasets such as Flickr30k and MS-COCO, which are limited in size and diversity. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Marimuthu Kalimuthu , Aditya Mogadala , Marius Mosbach , Dietrich Klakow

In this paper, we address a fundamental gap between pre-training and fine-tuning of deep neural networks: while pre-training has shifted from unimodal to multimodal learning with enhanced visual understanding, fine-tuning predominantly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Shohei Enomoto , Shin'ya Yamaguchi

Vision-language models like CLIP have shown impressive capabilities in aligning images and text, but they often struggle with lengthy and detailed text descriptions because of their training focus on short and concise captions. We present…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Hyungyu Choi , Young Kyun Jang , Chanho Eom

Text-to-image (T2I) models are capable of generating visually impressive images, yet they often fail to accurately capture specific attributes in user prompts, such as the correct number of objects with the specified colors. The diversity…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Kevin David Hayes , Micah Goldblum , Vikash Sehwag , Gowthami Somepalli , Ashwinee Panda , Tom Goldstein

Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) has significantly boosted the performance of various vision-language tasks by scaling up the dataset with image-text pairs collected from the web. However, the presence of intrinsic noise and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Kaicheng Yang , Jiankang Deng , Xiang An , Jiawei Li , Ziyong Feng , Jia Guo , Jing Yang , Tongliang Liu

In today's digital age, video content is prevalent, serving as a primary source of information, education, and entertainment. However, the Deaf and Hard of Hearing (DHH) community often faces significant challenges in accessing video…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Nadeen Fathallah , Monika Bhole , Steffen Staab