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Mobile agents are essential for automating tasks in complex and dynamic mobile environments. As foundation models evolve, the demands for agents that can adapt in real-time and process multimodal data have grown. This survey provides a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Biao Wu , Yanda Li , Zhiwei Zhang , Yunchao Wei , Meng Fang , Ling Chen

As our world digitizes, web agents that can automate complex and monotonous tasks are becoming essential in streamlining workflows. This paper introduces an approach to improving web agent performance through multi-modal validation and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Ruhana Azam , Tamer Abuelsaad , Aditya Vempaty , Ashish Jagmohan

Recent advances in autonomous digital agents from industry (e.g., Manus AI and Gemini's research mode) highlight potential for structured tasks by autonomous decision-making and task decomposition; however, it remains unclear to what extent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Yen-Che Chien , Kuang-Da Wang , Wei-Yao Wang , Wen-Chih Peng

Information seeking is a fundamental requirement for humans. However, existing LLM agents rely heavily on open-web search, which exposes two fundamental weaknesses: online content is noisy and unreliable, and many real-world tasks require…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Yaxin Du , Yuanshuo Zhang , Xiyuan Yang , Yifan Zhou , Cheng Wang , Gongyi Zou , Xianghe Pang , Wenhao Wang , Menglan Chen , Shuo Tang , Zhiyu Li , Feiyu Xiong , Siheng Chen

The ability to perform multi-modal multi-hop reasoning by iteratively integrating information across various modalities and external knowledge is critical for addressing complex real-world challenges. However, existing Multi-modal Large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Tao Zhang , Ziqi Zhang , Zongyang Ma , Yuxin Chen , Bing Li , Chunfeng Yuan , Guangting Wang , Fengyun Rao , Ying Shan , Weiming Hu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities as autonomous agents, yet existing benchmarks either focus on single-agent tasks or are confined to narrow domains, failing to capture the dynamics of multi-agent coordination…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Kunlun Zhu , Hongyi Du , Zhaochen Hong , Xiaocheng Yang , Shuyi Guo , Zhe Wang , Zhenhailong Wang , Cheng Qian , Xiangru Tang , Heng Ji , Jiaxuan You

Autonomous computer use agents that powered by multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are emerging as capable assistants for completing complex digital workflows. However, real-world execution environments are far from ideal: pop-ups,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jingwei Sun , Jianing Zhu , Yuanyi Li , Tongliang Liu , Xia HU , Bo Han

Powered by a large language model (LLM), a web browsing agent operates web browsers in a human-like manner and offers a highly transparent path toward automating a wide range of everyday tasks. As web agents become increasingly capable and…

Autonomous agents that execute human tasks by controlling computers can enhance human productivity and application accessibility. However, progress in this field will be driven by realistic and reproducible benchmarks. We present…

Large language models (LLMs) have recently received considerable attention as alternative solutions for task planning. However, comparing the performance of language-oriented task planners becomes difficult, and there exists a dearth of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Jae-Woo Choi , Youngwoo Yoon , Hyobin Ong , Jaehong Kim , Minsu Jang

We introduce REAL, a benchmark and framework for multi-turn agent evaluations on deterministic simulations of real-world websites. REAL comprises high-fidelity, deterministic replicas of 11 widely-used websites across domains such as…

Multimodal Large Language models (MLLMs) have shown promise in web-related tasks, but evaluating their performance in the web domain remains a challenge due to the lack of comprehensive benchmarks. Existing benchmarks are either designed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Junpeng Liu , Yifan Song , Bill Yuchen Lin , Wai Lam , Graham Neubig , Yuanzhi Li , Xiang Yue

Despite advances in multimodal large language models, autonomous web agents still struggle to reliably execute long-horizon tasks on complex and dynamic web interfaces. Existing agents often suffer from inaccurate element grounding, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Aiden Yiliu Li , Xinyue Hao , Shilong Liu , Mengdi Wang

Interactive and embodied tasks pose at least two fundamental challenges to existing Vision & Language (VL) models, including 1) grounding language in trajectories of actions and observations, and 2) referential disambiguation. To tackle…

Web browsers are a portal to the internet, where much of human activity is undertaken. Thus, there has been significant research work in AI agents that interact with the internet through web browsing. However, there is also another…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Yueqi Song , Frank Xu , Shuyan Zhou , Graham Neubig

Embodied systems, where generative autonomous agents engage with the physical world through integrated perception, cognition, action, and advanced reasoning powered by large language models (LLMs), hold immense potential for addressing…

Large language models (LLMs) show remarkable potential to act as computer agents, enhancing human productivity and software accessibility in multi-modal tasks that require planning and reasoning. However, measuring agent performance in…

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) and autonomous agents have enabled systems capable of performing complex tasks across domains such as human-computer interaction, planning, and web navigation. However, many existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Hongyi Yang , Yue Pan , Jiayi Xu , Kelsen Liu

Existing Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM)-based agents face significant challenges in handling complex GUI (Graphical User Interface) interactions on devices. These challenges arise from the dynamic and structured nature of GUI…

CAPTCHAs have been a critical bottleneck for deploying web agents in real-world applications, often blocking them from completing end-to-end automation tasks. While modern multimodal LLM agents have demonstrated impressive performance in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Yaxin Luo , Zhaoyi Li , Jiacheng Liu , Jiacheng Cui , Xiaohan Zhao , Zhiqiang Shen