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Related papers: A Survey on Deep Learning for Theorem Proving

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Large language models (LLMs) have rapidly evolved from text generators into powerful problem solvers. Yet, many open tasks demand critical thinking, multi-source, and verifiable outputs, which are beyond single-shot prompting or standard…

Deep learning has emerged as a powerful machine learning technique that learns multiple layers of representations or features of the data and produces state-of-the-art prediction results. Along with the success of deep learning in many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-01-31 Lei Zhang , Shuai Wang , Bing Liu

Deep learning, a branch of artificial intelligence, is a data-driven method that uses multiple layers of interconnected units or neurons to learn intricate patterns and representations directly from raw input data. Empowered by this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Mohd Halim Mohd Noor , Ayokunle Olalekan Ige

Autoformalization, the process of transforming informal mathematical propositions into verifiable formal representations, is a foundational task in automated theorem proving, offering a new perspective on the use of mathematics in both…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Ke Weng , Lun Du , Sirui Li , Wangyue Lu , Haozhe Sun , Hengyu Liu , Tiancheng Zhang

The combination of verifiable languages and LLMs has significantly influenced both the mathematical and computer science communities because it provides a rigorous foundation for theorem proving. Recent advancements in the field provide…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Hanning Zhang , Ruida Wang , Rui Pan , Wenyuan Wang , Bingxu Meng , Tong Zhang

Traditional automated theorem provers have relied on manually tuned heuristics to guide how they perform proof search. Recently, however, there has been a surge of interest in the design of learning mechanisms that can be integrated into…

Proof assistants like Lean have revolutionized mathematical proof verification, ensuring high accuracy and reliability. Although large language models (LLMs) show promise in mathematical reasoning, their advancement in formal theorem…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Huajian Xin , Daya Guo , Zhihong Shao , Zhizhou Ren , Qihao Zhu , Bo Liu , Chong Ruan , Wenda Li , Xiaodan Liang

We present a prototype of an integrated reasoning environment for educational purposes. The presented tool is a fragment of a proof assistant and automated theorem prover. We describe the existing and planned functionality of the theorem…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-03-06 Mario Frank , Christoph Kreitz

As artificial intelligence (AI) gains greater adoption in a wide variety of applications, it has immense potential to contribute to mathematical discovery, by guiding conjecture generation, constructing counterexamples, assisting in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Hassen Saidi , Susmit Jha , Tuhin Sahai

Reasoning is a fundamental substrate for solving novel and complex problems. Deliberate efforts in learning and developing frameworks around System 2 reasoning have made great strides, yet problems of sufficient complexity remain largely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Matthew Ho , Vincent Zhu , Xiaoyin Chen , Moksh Jain , Nikolay Malkin , Edwin Zhang

We introduce a theorem proving algorithm that uses practically no domain heuristics for guiding its connection-style proof search. Instead, it runs many Monte-Carlo simulations guided by reinforcement learning from previous proof attempts.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-22 Cezary Kaliszyk , Josef Urban , Henryk Michalewski , Mirek Olšák

Automated theorem provers have traditionally relied on manually tuned heuristics to guide how they perform proof search. Deep reinforcement learning has been proposed as a way to obviate the need for such heuristics, however, its deployment…

Mathematical reasoning remains a significant challenge for Large Language Models (LLMs) due to hallucinations. When combined with formal proof assistants like Lean, these hallucinations can be eliminated through rigorous verification,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Robert Joseph George , Suozhi Huang , Peiyang Song , Anima Anandkumar

Mathematical reasoning has long represented one of the most fundamental and challenging frontiers in artificial intelligence research. In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have achieved significant advances in this area. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Peng-Yuan Wang , Tian-Shuo Liu , Chenyang Wang , Yi-Di Wang , Shu Yan , Cheng-Xing Jia , Xu-Hui Liu , Xin-Wei Chen , Jia-Cheng Xu , Ziniu Li , Yang Yu

Formally verifying properties of software code has been a highly desirable task, especially with the emergence of LLM-generated code. In the same vein, they provide an interesting avenue for the exploration of formal verification and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Balaji Rao , William Eiers , Carlo Lipizzi

Despite the success of large language models (LLMs), the task of theorem proving still remains one of the hardest reasoning tasks that is far from being fully solved. Prior methods using language models have demonstrated promising results,…

Deep learning is currently the subject of intensive study. However, fundamental concepts such as representations are not formally defined -- researchers "know them when they see them" -- and there is no common language for describing and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-09-30 David Balduzzi

I propose a system for Automated Theorem Proving in higher order logic using deep learning and eschewing hand-constructed features. Holophrasm exploits the formalism of the Metamath language and explores partial proof trees using a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-08-11 Daniel Whalen

Recent years have seen tremendous growth in the amount of verified software. Proofs for complex properties can now be achieved using higher-order theories and calculi. Complex properties lead to an ever-growing number of definitions and…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Eytan Singher , Shachar Itzhaky

The current state-of-the-art in artificial intelligence is impressive, especially in terms of mastery of language, but not so much in terms of mathematical reasoning. What could be missing? Can we learn something useful about that gap from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Yoshua Bengio , Nikolay Malkin