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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable problem-solving and basic mathematics abilities. However, their efficacy is highly contingent on the formulation of the prompt. This study endeavors to quantify the influence of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Rick Battle , Teja Gollapudi

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive performance across various domains but still struggle with arithmetic reasoning tasks. Recent work shows the effectiveness of prompt design methods in enhancing reasoning capabilities.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Wenting Tan , Dongxiao Chen , Jieting Xue , Zihao Wang , Taijie Chen

Human language offers a powerful window into our thoughts -- we tell stories, give explanations, and express our beliefs and goals through words. Abundant evidence also suggests that language plays a developmental role in structuring our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-13 Katherine M. Collins , Catherine Wong , Jiahai Feng , Megan Wei , Joshua B. Tenenbaum

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional capabilities in various scenarios. However, they suffer from much redundant information and are sensitive to the position of key information in long context scenarios. To address these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Jiwei Tang , Jin Xu , Tingwei Lu , Zhicheng Zhang , Yiming Zhao , Lin Hai , Hai-Tao Zheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in understanding text and generating high-quality responses. However, a critical distinction from human cognition is their typical lack of a distinct internal `reading'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Yuanxin Wang , Ganesh Venkatesh

In-context learning has established itself as an important learning paradigm for Large Language Models (LLMs). In this paper, we demonstrate that LLMs can learn encoding keys in-context and perform analysis directly on encoded…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Andresa Rodrigues de Campos , David Lee , Imry Kissos , Piyush Paritosh

Unlike human reasoning in abstract conceptual spaces, large language models (LLMs) typically reason by generating discrete tokens, which potentially limit their expressive power. The recent work Soft Thinking has shown that LLMs' latent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Kang Wang , Xiangyu Duan , Tianyi Du

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit degraded performance under prompt compression, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. We introduce the Compression-Decay Comprehension Test (CDCT), a benchmark that independently measures…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Rahul Baxi

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known to process information using a proficient internal language consistently, referred to as latent language, which may differ from the input or output languages. However, how the discrepancy between the…

The advancement of large language models (LLMs) for real-world applications hinges critically on enhancing their reasoning capabilities. In this work, we explore the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) through their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Romain Cosentino , Sarath Shekkizhar

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in complex reasoning tasks. However, current approaches employ uniform language density for both intermediate reasoning and final answers, leading to computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Zhengyi Zhao , Shubo Zhang , Yuxi Zhang , Huimin Wang , Binyang Li , Kam-Fai Wong

Research into the external behaviors and internal mechanisms of large language models (LLMs) has shown promise in addressing complex tasks in the physical world. Studies suggest that powerful LLMs, like GPT-4, are beginning to exhibit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Miao Yu , Junyuan Mao , Guibin Zhang , Jingheng Ye , Junfeng Fang , Aoxiao Zhong , Yang Liu , Yuxuan Liang , Kun Wang , Qingsong Wen

This paper explores the impact of extending input lengths on the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). Despite LLMs advancements in recent times, their performance consistency across different input lengths is not well understood.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Mosh Levy , Alon Jacoby , Yoav Goldberg

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive formal reasoning abilities, they often break down when problems require complex proof planning. One promising approach for improving LLM reasoning abilities involves…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Joseph Cotnareanu , Didier Chetelat , Yingxue Zhang , Mark Coates

Despite the impressive performance of LLMs, their widespread adoption faces challenges due to substantial computational and memory requirements during inference. Recent advancements in model compression and system-level optimization methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Arnav Chavan , Raghav Magazine , Shubham Kushwaha , Mérouane Debbah , Deepak Gupta

Students' handwritten math work provides a rich resource for diagnosing cognitive skills, as it captures intermediate reasoning beyond final answers. We investigate how current large language models (LLMs) perform in diagnosing cognitive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Yoonsu Kim , Hyoungwook Jin , Hayeon Doh , Eunhye Kim , Dongyun Jung , Seungju Kim , Kiyoon Choi , Jinho Son , Juho Kim

Argumentation skills are an essential toolkit for large language models (LLMs). These skills are crucial in various use cases, including self-reflection, debating collaboratively for diverse answers, and countering hate speech. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yamen Ajjour , Carlotta Quensel , Nedim Lipka , Henning Wachsmuth

Large language models (LLMs) may exhibit unintended or undesirable behaviors. Recent works have concentrated on aligning LLMs to mitigate harmful outputs. Despite these efforts, some anomalies indicate that even a well-conducted alignment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Jiaming Ji , Kaile Wang , Tianyi Qiu , Boyuan Chen , Jiayi Zhou , Changye Li , Hantao Lou , Juntao Dai , Yunhuai Liu , Yaodong Yang

The rapid advancements in large Language models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced their reasoning capabilities, driven by various strategies such as multi-agent collaboration. However, unlike the well-established performance improvements…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Zihan Chen , Song Wang , Zhen Tan , Xingbo Fu , Zhenyu Lei , Peng Wang , Huan Liu , Cong Shen , Jundong Li

Large language models (LLMs) are a promising venue for natural language understanding and generation tasks. However, current LLMs are far from reliable: they are prone to generate non-factual information and, more crucially, to contradict…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Diego Calanzone , Stefano Teso , Antonio Vergari