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GW231123, the most massive binary black hole (BBH) merger detected by LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA, highlights the need to understand the origins of massive, high-spin stellar black holes (BHs). Dense star clusters provide natural environments for…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-12 Fulya Kıroğlu , Kyle Kremer , Frederic A. Rasio

Intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) occupy the $ 10^2 - 10^5\,M_\odot $ range, but their existence remains poorly constrained. Only a few candidates have been suggested in dwarf galaxies, globular clusters, and LIGO-Virgo-Kagra…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-10 Cristiano Ugolini

Maximizing the number of detections in matched filter searches for compact binary coalescence (CBC) gravitational wave (GW) signals requires a model of the source population distribution. In previous searches using the PyCBC framework,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-12-13 Praveen Kumar , Thomas Dent

Black hole (BH) binary mergers formed through dynamical interactions in dense star clusters are believed to be one of the main sources of gravitational waves for Advanced LIGO and Virgo. Here we present a fast numerical method for…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-04-02 Fabio Antonini , Mark Gieles

The spin characteristics of black holes offer valuable insights into the evolutionary pathways of their progenitor stars, crucial for understanding the broader population properties of black holes. Traditional Hierarchical Bayesian…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-08-29 Li Tang , Xi-Long Fan

The population of black holes observed via gravitational waves currently covers the local universe up to a redshift $z\lesssim 1$, for the most massive merging binaries, or $z\lesssim 0.25$ for low-mass BH binaries (BBH). Evolution of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-16 Jam Sadiq , Thomas Dent , Ana Lorenzo-Medina

Prior to the detection of black holes (BHs) via the gravitational waves (GWs) they generate at merger, the presence of BHs was inferred in X-ray binaries, mostly via dynamical measurements, with masses in the range between $\sim…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-06-12 Rosalba Perna , Yi-Han Wang , Will M. Farr , Nathan Leigh , Matteo Cantiello

Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are commonly found at the centers of their host galaxies, but their formation still remains an open question. In light of the tight correlation between the BH mass and the velocity dispersions of the bulge…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-10-14 Zhen Pan , Huan Yang

The gravitational wave event GW231123, with component black hole masses lying within or above the pair-instability mass gap, poses a significant challenge to current stellar evolution models. In this work, we describe how we investigated…

Astrophysical black holes (BHs) have two fundamental properties: mass and spin. While the mass-evolution of BHs has been extensively studied, much less work has been done on predicting the distribution of BH spins. In this paper we present…

Coalescing binary black hole (BBH) systems are likely formed via several channels, and it is challenging to understand their formation / evolutionary processes. Some features in the mass function of the primary components ($m_1$), such as…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-07-04 Yin-Jie Li , Yuan-Zhu Wang , Shao-Peng Tang , Qiang Yuan , Yi-Zhong Fan , Da-Ming Wei

The recent binary black hole (BH) merger GW231123, with both components likely in the high-mass gap and with high spins, challenges standard BH binary formation models. It is usually thought that the BHs are of second (or higher) generation…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-19 Bin Liu , Dong Lai

Recent LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) analyses have revealed complex structure in the binary black hole (BBH) population, including distinct features in the primary mass spectrum and nontrivial spin-mass correlations. However, the phenomenological…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-24 Chayan Chatterjee

Massive black hole (MBH) binary inspiral time scales are uncertain, and their spins are even more poorly constrained. Spin misalignment, along with unequal mass ratios and spin magnitudes, introduces asymmetry in the gravitational…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-05-21 Mohammad Sayeb , Laura Blecha , Luke Zoltan Kelley , Davide Gerosa , Michael Kesden , July Thomas

The observed binary black hole (BBH) mergers indicate a large Galactic progenitor population continuously evolving from large orbital separations and low gravitational wave (GW) frequencies to the final merger phase. We investigate the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-04-19 Xiao Fang , Todd A. Thompson , Christopher M. Hirata

Massive black holes (MBHs), with masses in the range 10^3-10^8 Msolar, which merge with a companion black hole of similar mass are expected to be the most powerful source of gravitational radiation in the frequency range probed by LISA. MBH…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Marta Volonteri

Over the course of the third observing run of LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaboration, several gravitational-wave (GW) neutron star--black hole (NSBH) candidates have been announced. By assuming these candidates are real signals and of astrophysical…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-04-07 Jin-Ping Zhu , Shichao Wu , Ying Qin , Bing Zhang , He Gao , Zhoujian Cao

We analyze the LIGO/Virgo GWTC-2 catalog to study the primary mass distribution of the merging black holes. We perform hierarchical Bayesian analysis, and examine whether the mass distribution has a sharp cutoff for primary black hole…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-06-02 Yuan-Zhu Wang , Shao-Peng Tang , Yun-Feng Liang , Ming-Zhe Han , Xiang Li , Zhi-Ping Jin , Yi-Zhong Fan , Da-Ming Wei

We revisit the population properties of neutron star-black hole (NSBH) mergers using low-mass compact binary coalescences reported through GWTC-4. Employing pyEFPE, an inspiral-only waveform model that captures both orbital eccentricity and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-25 Gonzalo Morras , Geraint Pratten , Patricia Schmidt

The distribution of binary black hole (BBH) masses and its evolution with redshift provide key insights into the different formation channels of compact objects and their dependence on cosmic time and stellar properties such as metallicity…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-12 Samsuzzaman Afroz , Suvodip Mukherjee