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Large language models are increasingly adapted to downstream tasks through fine-tuning. Full supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods, such as Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), are two dominant approaches.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Darshita Rathore , Vineet Kumar , Chetna Bansal , Anindya Moitra

While overparameterization in machine learning models offers great benefits in terms of optimization and generalization, it also leads to increased computational requirements as model sizes grow. In this work, we show that by leveraging the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Can Yaras , Peng Wang , Laura Balzano , Qing Qu

With the rapid scaling of large language models (LLMs), serving numerous low-rank adaptations (LoRAs) concurrently has become increasingly impractical, leading to unaffordable costs and necessitating more parameter-efficient finetuning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Sheng Wang , Boyang Xue , Jiacheng Ye , Jiyue Jiang , Liheng Chen , Lingpeng Kong , Chuan Wu

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning stands as the standard for efficiently fine-tuning large language and vision models on downstream tasks. Specifically, the efficiency of low-rank adaptation has facilitated the creation and sharing of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Nader Asadi , Mahdi Beitollahi , Yasser Khalil , Yinchuan Li , Guojun Zhang , Xi Chen

LoRA and its variants have become popular parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods due to their ability to avoid excessive computational costs. However, an accuracy gap often exists between PEFT methods and full fine-tuning (FT), and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Haoze He , Juncheng Billy Li , Xuan Jiang , Heather Miller

Fine-tuning large-scale pre-trained models is prohibitively expensive in terms of computation and memory costs. Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), a popular Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) method, offers an efficient solution by optimizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Tao Li , Zhengbao He , Yujun Li , Yasheng Wang , Lifeng Shang , Xiaolin Huang

Parameter-efficient tuning (PEFT) techniques like low-rank adaptation (LoRA) offer training efficiency on Large Language Models, but their impact on model performance remains limited. Recent efforts integrate LoRA and Mixture-of-Experts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Chongyang Gao , Kezhen Chen , Jinmeng Rao , Baochen Sun , Ruibo Liu , Daiyi Peng , Yawen Zhang , Xiaoyuan Guo , Jie Yang , VS Subrahmanian

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) is widely studied for its effectiveness and efficiency in the era of large language models. Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) has demonstrated commendable performance as a popular and representative method.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Zequan Liu , Jiawen Lyn , Wei Zhu , Xing Tian , Yvette Graham

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a parameter-efficient technique for rapidly fine-tuning foundation models. In standard LoRA training dynamics, models tend to quickly converge to a local optimum near the initialization. However, this local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Zhan Zhuang , Xiequn Wang , Yulong Zhang , Wei Li , Yu Zhang , Ying Wei

As the number of model parameters increases, parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has become the go-to choice for tailoring pre-trained large language models. Low-rank Adaptation (LoRA) uses a low-rank update method to simulate full…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yongkang Liu , Xing Li , Mengjie Zhao , Shanru Zhang , Zijing Wang , Qian Li , Shi Feng , Feiliang Ren , Daling Wang , Hinrich Schütze

Low-rank Adaptation (LoRA) has gained popularity as a fine-tuning approach for Large Language Models (LLMs) due to its low resource requirements and good performance. While a plethora of work has investigated improving LoRA serving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Minghao Yan , Zhuang Wang , Zhen Jia , Shivaram Venkataraman , Yida Wang

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as the de facto standard for parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) of foundation models, enabling the adaptation of billion-parameter networks with minimal computational and memory overhead. Despite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Bingcong Li , Yilang Zhang , Georgios B. Giannakis

Despite the efficacy of network sparsity in alleviating the deployment strain of Large Language Models (LLMs), it endures significant performance degradation. Applying Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) to fine-tune the sparse LLMs offers an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Weizhong Huang , Yuxin Zhang , Xiawu Zheng , Yang Liu , Jing Lin , Yiwu Yao , Rongrong Ji

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is one of the most popular methods among parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods to adapt pre-trained large language models (LLMs) to specific downstream tasks. However, the model trained based on LoRA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Yixing Xu , Chao Li , Xuanwu Yin , Spandan Tiwari , Dong Li , Ashish Sirasao , Emad Barsoum

We investigate parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods that can provide good accuracy under limited computational and memory budgets in the context of large language models (LLMs). We present a new PEFT method called Robust…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Mahdi Nikdan , Soroush Tabesh , Elvir Crnčević , Dan Alistarh

Overfitting is a common problem in machine learning, which means the model too closely fits the training data while performing poorly in the test data. Among various methods of coping with overfitting, dropout is one of the representative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Yangkun Li , Weizhi Ma , Chong Chen , Min Zhang , Yiqun Liu , Shaoping Ma , Yuekui Yang

Pre-training Large Language Models (LLMs) on web-scale datasets becomes fundamental for advancing general-purpose AI. In contrast, enhancing their predictive performance on downstream tasks typically involves adapting their knowledge…

Large pre-trained models, such as large language models (LLMs), present significant resource challenges for fine-tuning due to their extensive parameter sizes, especially for applications in mobile systems. To address this, Low-Rank…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Yuzhu Mao , Siqi Ping , Zihao Zhao , Yang Liu , Wenbo Ding

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a popular method for parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) of generative models, valued for its simplicity and effectiveness. Despite recent enhancements, LoRA still suffers from a fundamental limitation:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Yeonjoon Jung , Daehyun Ahn , Hyungjun Kim , Taesu Kim , Eunhyeok Park

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) and its variants have shown impressive results in reducing the number of trainable parameters and memory requirements of large transformer networks while maintaining fine-tuning performance. The low-rank nature of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Paul Albert , Frederic Z. Zhang , Hemanth Saratchandran , Cristian Rodriguez-Opazo , Anton van den Hengel , Ehsan Abbasnejad