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This study explores the potential of small language model(SLM) ensembles to achieve accuracy comparable to proprietary large language models (LLMs). We propose Ensemble Bayesian Inference (EBI), a novel approach that applies Bayesian…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Haru-Tada Sato , Fuka Matsuzaki , Jun-ichiro Takahashi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant advances in text generation but often lack the reliability needed for autonomous deployment in high-stakes domains like healthcare, law, and finance. Existing approaches rely on external…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Ninad Naik

Modern large language models (LLMs) are powerful generators driven by statistical next-token prediction. While effective at producing fluent text, this design biases models toward high-probability continuations rather than exhaustive and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Zhaoyang Chen , Cody Fleming

Model ensembling is a technique to combine the predicted distributions of two or more models, often leading to improved robustness and performance. For ensembling in text generation, the next token's probability distribution is derived from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Rachel Wicks , Kartik Ravisankar , Xinchen Yang , Philipp Koehn , Matt Post

This article analyzes the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) as support for the conceptual modeling of relational databases through the automatic generation of Entity-Relationship (ER) diagrams from natural language requirements. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Arthur F. Siqueira , Carlos D. S. Nogueira , Eduarda Farias , Claudio E. C. Campelo , Júlia Menezes

Integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) and Evolutionary Computation (EC) represents a promising avenue for advancing artificial intelligence by combining powerful natural language understanding with optimization and search capabilities.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Dikshit Chauhan , Bapi Dutta , Indu Bala , Niki van Stein , Thomas Bäck , Anupam Yadav

Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) have proven effective in exploring the vast solution spaces typical of graph-structured combinatorial problems. However, traditional encoding schemes, such as binary or numerical representations, often fail to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Jie Zhao , Kang Hao Cheong

The growing diversity of large language models (LLMs) means users often need to compare and combine outputs from different models to obtain higher-quality or more comprehensive responses. However, switching between separate interfaces and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Yingtian Shi , Jinda Yang , Yuhan Wang , Yiwen Yin , Haoyu Li , Kunyu Gao , Chun Yu

This work explores expanding the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) pretrained on text to generate 3D meshes within a unified model. This offers key advantages of (1) leveraging spatial knowledge already embedded in LLMs, derived…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Zhengyi Wang , Jonathan Lorraine , Yikai Wang , Hang Su , Jun Zhu , Sanja Fidler , Xiaohui Zeng

We investigate a surprising limitation of LLMs: their inability to consistently generate text in a user's desired language. We create the Language Confusion Benchmark (LCB) to evaluate such failures, covering 15 typologically diverse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Kelly Marchisio , Wei-Yin Ko , Alexandre Bérard , Théo Dehaze , Sebastian Ruder

Multi-lingual ability transfer has become increasingly important for the broad application of large language models (LLMs). Existing work highly relies on training with the multi-lingual ability-related data, which may not be available for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Zhipeng Chen , Kun Zhou , Liang Song , Wayne Xin Zhao , Bingning Wang , Weipeng Chen , Ji-Rong Wen

This paper develops an ensemble method for fine-tuning a language model to multiple datasets. Existing methods, such as quantized LoRA (QLoRA), are efficient when adapting to a single dataset. When training on multiple datasets of different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Dongyue Li , Ziniu Zhang , Lu Wang , Hongyang R. Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are prone to hallucination stemming from misaligned self-awareness, particularly when processing queries exceeding their knowledge boundaries. While existing mitigation strategies employ uncertainty estimation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Hang Zheng , Hongshen Xu , Yuncong Liu , Lu Chen , Pascale Fung , Kai Yu

The ability to organically reason over and with both text and images is a pillar of human intelligence, yet the ability of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to perform such multimodal reasoning remains under-explored. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Yunzhuo Hao , Jiawei Gu , Huichen Will Wang , Linjie Li , Zhengyuan Yang , Lijuan Wang , Yu Cheng

In the age of artificial intelligence, the role of large language models (LLMs) is becoming increasingly central. Despite their growing prevalence, their capacity to consolidate knowledge from different training documents - a crucial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Gabriele Prato , Jerry Huang , Prasannna Parthasarathi , Shagun Sodhani , Sarath Chandar

Current large vision-language models (LVLMs) typically employ a connector module to link visual features with text embeddings of large language models (LLMs) and use end-to-end training to achieve multi-modal understanding in a unified…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Zixian Guo , Ming Liu , Qilong Wang , Zhilong Ji , Jinfeng Bai , Lei Zhang , Wangmeng Zuo

Dense retrieval calls for discriminative embeddings to represent the semantic relationship between query and document. It may benefit from the using of large language models (LLMs), given LLMs' strong capability on semantic understanding.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Zheng Liu , Chaofan Li , Shitao Xiao , Yingxia Shao , Defu Lian

Designing functional transition metal complexes (TMCs) faces challenges due to the vast search space of metals and ligands, requiring efficient optimization strategies. Traditional genetic algorithms (GAs) are commonly used, employing…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-10-25 Jieyu Lu , Zhangde Song , Qiyuan Zhao , Yuanqi Du , Yirui Cao , Haojun Jia , Chenru Duan

In the rapidly evolving domain of Natural Language Generation (NLG) evaluation, introducing Large Language Models (LLMs) has opened new avenues for assessing generated content quality, e.g., coherence, creativity, and context relevance.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Zhen Li , Xiaohan Xu , Tao Shen , Can Xu , Jia-Chen Gu , Yuxuan Lai , Chongyang Tao , Shuai Ma

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved state-of-the-art results in many natural language processing tasks. They have also demonstrated ability to adapt well to different tasks through zero-shot or few-shot settings. With the capability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Alvin De Jun Tan , Bingquan Shen
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