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Despite their impressive capacities, Large language models (LLMs) often struggle with the hallucination issue of generating inaccurate or fabricated content even when they possess correct knowledge. In this paper, we extend the exploration…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Jialiang Wu , Yi Shen , Sijia Liu , Yi Tang , Sen Song , Xiaoyi Wang , Longjun Cai

Augmenting Large Language Models (LLMs) with retrieved external knowledge has proven effective for improving the factual accuracy of generated responses. Despite their success, retrieval-augmented LLMs still face the distractibility issue,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zexuan Qiu , Zijing Ou , Bin Wu , Jingjing Li , Aiwei Liu , Irwin King

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known to hallucinate, whereby they generate plausible but inaccurate text. This phenomenon poses significant risks in critical applications, such as medicine or law, necessitating robust hallucination…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Benedict Aaron Tjandra , Muhammed Razzak , Jannik Kossen , Kunal Handa , Yarin Gal

Despite their impressive capabilities, large language models (LLMs) are prone to hallucinations, i.e., generating content that deviates from facts seen during pretraining. We propose a simple decoding strategy for reducing hallucinations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Yung-Sung Chuang , Yujia Xie , Hongyin Luo , Yoon Kim , James Glass , Pengcheng He

Decoding methods for large language models (LLMs) usually struggle with the tradeoff between ensuring factuality and maintaining diversity. For example, a higher p threshold in the nucleus (top-p) sampling increases the diversity but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Haw-Shiuan Chang , Nanyun Peng , Mohit Bansal , Anil Ramakrishna , Tagyoung Chung

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities in text understanding and generation. However, their tendency to produce factually inconsistent outputs, commonly referred to as ''hallucinations'', remains a critical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Dingwei Chen , Ziqiang Liu , Feiteng Fang , Chak Tou Leong , Shiwen Ni , Ahmadreza Argha , Hamid Alinejad-Rokny , Min Yang , Chengming Li

Decoding strategies play a central role in shaping the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs). Traditional methods such as greedy decoding and beam search often suffer from error propagation, while sampling-based approaches…

The remarkable performance of Large language models (LLMs) relies heavily on the availability of abundant high-quality training data. However, the high cost of acquiring annotated data often prevents models from obtaining capabilities to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Mingxu Tao , Jie Hu , Mingchuan Yang , Yunhuai Liu , Dongyan Zhao , Yansong Feng

Large language models (LLMs) excel at natural language understanding and generation but remain vulnerable to factual errors, limiting their reliability in knowledge-intensive tasks. While decoding-time strategies provide a promising…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Jingze Zhu , Yongliang Wu , Wenbo Zhu , Jiawang Cao , Yanqiang Zheng , Jiawei Chen , Xu Yang , Bernt Schiele , Jonas Fischer , Xinting Hu

Decoding strategies for generative large language models (LLMs) are a critical but often underexplored aspect of text generation tasks. Guided by specific hyperparameters, these strategies aim to transform the raw probability distributions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Esteban Garces Arias , Meimingwei Li , Christian Heumann , Matthias Aßenmacher

Large Language Models (LLMs) store an extensive amount of factual knowledge obtained from vast collections of text. To effectively utilize these models for downstream tasks, it is crucial to have reliable methods for measuring their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Pouya Pezeshkpour

Despite their impressive capabilities, large language models (LLMs) have been observed to generate responses that include inaccurate or fabricated information, a phenomenon commonly known as ``hallucination''. In this work, we propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Yue Zhang , Leyang Cui , Wei Bi , Shuming Shi

Modern large language model (LLM) inference engines optimize throughput and latency under fixed decoding rules, treating generation as a linear progression in token time. We propose a fundamentally different paradigm: entropic\-time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Andrew Kiruluta

Factual hallucinations are a major challenge for Large Language Models (LLMs). They undermine reliability and user trust by generating inaccurate or fabricated content. Recent studies suggest that when generating false statements, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Giovanni Servedio , Alessandro De Bellis , Dario Di Palma , Vito Walter Anelli , Tommaso Di Noia

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable multimodal capabilities, but they inherit the tendency to hallucinate from their underlying language models. While visual contrastive decoding has been proposed to mitigate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Eun Woo Im , Muhammad Kashif Ali , Vivek Gupta

Decoding strategies manipulate the probability distribution underlying the output of a language model and can therefore affect both generation quality and its uncertainty. In this study, we investigate the impact of decoding strategies on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Wataru Hashimoto , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Taro Watanabe

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed on complex reasoning tasks, yet little is known about their ability to internally evaluate problem difficulty, which is an essential capability for adaptive reasoning and efficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Sunbowen Lee , Qingyu Yin , Chak Tou Leong , Jialiang Zhang , Yicheng Gong , Shiwen Ni , Min Yang , Xiaoyu Shen

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have recently achieved strong mathematical and code reasoning performance through Reinforcement Learning (RL) post-training. However, we show that modern reasoning post-training induces an unintended…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Wenhui Tan , Fiorenzo Parascandolo , Enver Sangineto , Jianzhong Ju , Zhenbo Luo , Qian Cao , Rita Cucchiara , Ruihua Song , Jian Luan

Large language models (LLMs) tend to inadequately integrate input context during text generation, relying excessively on encoded prior knowledge in model parameters, potentially resulting in generated text with factual inconsistencies or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Zheng Zhao , Emilio Monti , Jens Lehmann , Haytham Assem

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being used in real-world applications. However, concerns about the reliability of the content they generate persist, as it frequently deviates from factual correctness or exhibits deficiencies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Yunzhen He , Yusuke Takase , Yoichi Ishibashi , Hidetoshi Shimodaira
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