English
Related papers

Related papers: Do LLMs Play Dice? Exploring Probability Distribut…

200 papers

Large Language Model (LLM) agents have been increasingly adopted as simulation tools to model humans in social science and role-playing applications. However, one fundamental question remains: can LLM agents really simulate human behavior?…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Chengxing Xie , Canyu Chen , Feiran Jia , Ziyu Ye , Shiyang Lai , Kai Shu , Jindong Gu , Adel Bibi , Ziniu Hu , David Jurgens , James Evans , Philip Torr , Bernard Ghanem , Guohao Li

In this work, we demonstrate that reliable stochastic sampling is a fundamental yet unfulfilled requirement for Large Language Models (LLMs) operating as agents. Agentic systems are frequently required to sample from distributions, often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Xiangming Gu , Soham De , Michalis Titsias , Larisa Markeeva , Petar Veličković , Razvan Pascanu

Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) model decision making under uncertainty. While there are many approaches to approximately solving POMDPs, we aim to address the problem of learning such models. In particular, we are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Aidan Curtis , Hao Tang , Thiago Veloso , Kevin Ellis , Joshua Tenenbaum , Tomás Lozano-Pérez , Leslie Pack Kaelbling

Large Language Models (LLMs) are a powerful tool for statistical text analysis, with derived sequences of next-token probability distributions offering a wealth of information. Extracting this signal typically relies on metrics such as…

In this work, we evaluate the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) in building Bayesian Networks (BNs) by approximating domain expert priors. LLMs have demonstrated potential as factual knowledge bases; however, their capability to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Aliakbar Nafar , Kristen Brent Venable , Zijun Cui , Parisa Kordjamshidi

Language models (LMs) are machine learning models designed to predict linguistic patterns by estimating the probability of word sequences based on large-scale datasets, such as text. LMs have a wide range of applications in natural language…

LLMs are emerging tools for simulating human behavior in business, economics, and social science, offering a lower-cost complement to laboratory experiments, field studies, and surveys. This paper evaluates how well LLMs replicate human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Runze Zhang , Xiaowei Zhang , Mingyang Zhao

We explore the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) to replicate human behavior in economic market experiments. Compared to previous studies, we focus on dynamic feedback between LLM agents: the decisions of each LLM impact the market…

General Economics · Economics 2025-05-13 R. Maria del Rio-Chanona , Marco Pangallo , Cars Hommes

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly serve as human-like decision-making agents in social science and applied settings. These LLM-agents are typically assigned human-like characters and placed in real-life contexts. However, how these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Ji Ma

While advances in fairness and alignment have helped mitigate overt biases exhibited by large language models (LLMs) when explicitly prompted, we hypothesize that these models may still exhibit implicit biases when simulating human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Yuxuan Li , Hirokazu Shirado , Sauvik Das

Flocking is a behavior where multiple agents in a system attempt to stay close to each other while avoiding collision and maintaining a desired formation. This is observed in the natural world and has applications in robotics, including…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Peihan Li , Vishnu Menon , Bhavanaraj Gudiguntla , Daniel Ting , Lifeng Zhou

Language models (LMs) are increasingly used to simulate human-like responses in scenarios where accurately mimicking a population's behavior can guide decision-making, such as in developing educational materials and designing public…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Joy He-Yueya , Wanjing Anya Ma , Kanishk Gandhi , Benjamin W. Domingue , Emma Brunskill , Noah D. Goodman

Language modeling has shifted in recent years from a distribution over strings to prediction models with textual inputs and outputs for general-purpose tasks. This position paper highlights the often overlooked implications of this shift…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Eitan Wagner , Omri Abend

This paper introduces distribution-based prediction, a novel approach to using Large Language Models (LLMs) as predictive tools by interpreting output token probabilities as distributions representing the models' learned representation of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Caleb Bradshaw , Caelen Miller , Sean Warnick

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in high-stakes settings where good decisions require forming beliefs over the probability of unknown outcomes. However, it is unclear whether LLMs act as if they hold coherent beliefs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Khurram Yamin , Jingjing Tang , Santiago Cortes-Gomez , Amit Sharma , Eric Horvitz , Bryan Wilder

Serendipity-oriented recommender systems aim to counteract over-specialization in user preferences. However, evaluating a user's serendipitous response towards a recommended item can be challenging because of its emotional nature. In this…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Yu Tokutake , Kazushi Okamoto

As Large Language Models (LLMs) advance in their capabilities, researchers have increasingly employed them for social simulation. In this paper, we investigate whether interactions among LLM agents resemble those of humans. Specifically, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Naihao Deng , Rada Mihalcea

As autonomous agents become more prevalent, understanding their collective behaviour in strategic interactions is crucial. This study investigates the emergent cooperative tendencies of systems of Large Language Model (LLM) agents in a…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Richard Willis , Yali Du , Joel Z Leibo , Michael Luck

Large language models (LLMs) offer emerging opportunities for psychological and behavioral research, but methodological guidance is lacking. This article provides a framework for using LLMs as psychological simulators across two primary…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Zhicheng Lin

With the increasing interest in using large language models (LLMs) for planning in natural language, understanding their behaviors becomes an important research question. This work conducts a systematic investigation of LLMs' ability to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yixuan Wang , Freda Shi