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Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites play an essential role in intelligent Earth observation by leveraging artificial intelligence models. However, limited onboard memory and excessive inference delay prevent the practical deployment of large…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Songge Zhang , Wen Wu , Liang Li , Ye Wang , Xuemin , Shen

This paper investigates joint device activity detection and channel estimation for grant-free random access in Low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite communications. We consider uplink communications from multiple single-antenna terrestrial users…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Rui Mao , Yongpeng Wu , Boxiao Shen , Symeon Chatzinotas , Björn Ottersten , Wenjun Zhang

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites are being extensively researched in the development of secure Internet of Remote Things (IoRT). In scenarios with miniaturized terminals, the limited transmission power and long transmission distance often…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-27 Pingyue Yue , Yixuan Li , Yue Li , Rui Zhang , Shuai Wang , Jianping An

Low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems that use millimeter-wave frequencies rely on large antenna arrays with hybrid analog-digital architectures for rapid beam steering. LEO satellites are only visible from the ground for…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-03 Anders Malthe Westerkam , Amélia Struyf , Dimitri Lederer , Troels Pedersen , François Quitin

The construction of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations has recently attracted tremendous attention from both academia and industry. The 5G and 6G standards have identified LEO satellite networks as a key component of future…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Jiasheng Wu , Shaojie Su , Wenjun Zhu , Xiong Wang , Jingjing Zhang , Xingqiu He , Yue Gao

The Internet is going through a massive infrastructural revolution with the advent of low-flying satellite networks, 5/6G, WiFi7, and hollow-core fiber deployments. While these networks could unleash enhanced connectivity and new…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Shubham Tiwari , Saksham Bhushan , Aryan Taneja , Mohamed Kassem , Cheng Luo , Cong Zhou , Zhiyuan He , Aravindh Raman , Nishanth Sastry , Lili Qiu , Debopam Bhattacherjee

Being able to provide latency guarantees for orbital edge computing applications through Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations is a major milestone for their integration into 5G and 6G networks. However, achieving this is…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Nicolai Dalsgaard Lyholm , Beatriz Soret , Tijana Devaja , Thomas Grundgaard Mulvad , Cedomir Stefanovic , Israel Leyva-Mayorga

The third generation partnership project (3GPP) has recently defined two frequency bands for direct access with satellites, which is a concrete step toward realizing the anticipated space-air-ground integrated networks. In addition, given…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Zaid Abdullah , Eva Lagunas , Steven Kisseleff , Frank Zeppenfeldt , Symeon Chatzinotas

Low Earth orbit (LEO) inter-satellite links (ISLs) must achieve joint synchronization and ranging under severe hardware impairments, namely oscillator phase noise, clock drift, and measurement outliers, exacerbated by rapid relative…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-13 Haofan Dong , Houtianfu Wang , Hanlin Cai , Ozgur B. Akan

The use of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites in the next generation (Next-G) communication systems has been gaining traction over the last few years due to their potential for providing global connectivity with low latency. Since they are…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-03 Sambrama , Venkata Srirama Rohit Kantheti , Liang C Chu , Erik Blasch , Shih-Chun Lin

We investigate a multi-low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite system that simultaneously provides positioning and communication services to terrestrial user terminals. To address the challenges of accurately acquiring channel state information in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Yuchen Zhang , Pinjun Zheng , Jie Ma , Henk Wymeersch , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri

To avoid the unpredictable phase deviations of the spaceborne phased array (SPA), this paper considers the over-the-air (OTA) phase calibration of the SPA for the low earth orbit (LEO) satellite communications, where the phase deviations of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-13 Wei Zhang , Ding Chen , Bin Zhou

Current wireless infrastructure is optimized to support downlink applications. This paper anticipates the emergence of applications where engineering focus shifts from downlink to uplink. The current paradigm of scheduling users on reserved…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-14 Sandesh Rao Mattu , Beyza Dabak , Venkatesh Khammammetti , Robert Calderbank

Random Access is an important step in enabling the initial attachment of a User Equipment (UE) to a Base Station (gNB). The UE identifies itself by embedding a Preamble Index (RAPID) in the phase rotation of a known base sequence, which it…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Rohit Singh , Anil Kumar Yerrapragada , Jeeva Keshav S , Radha Krishna Ganti

This article investigates the transmission delay of a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communication system in a bent pipe structure. By employing a stochastic geometry framework, satellites are modeled as spherical binomial point processes…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2023-09-12 Sixi Cheng , Xiang Ling

Timing advance (TA) estimation at the base station (BS) and reliable decoding of random access response (RAR) at the users are the most important steps in the initial random access (RA) procedure. However, due to the limited availability of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-01-26 Sudarshan Mukherjee , Alok Kumar Sinha , Saif Khan Mohammed

As air travel demand increases, uninterrupted high-speed internet access becomes essential. However, current satellite-based systems face latency and connectivity challenges. While prior research has focused on terrestrial 5G and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Raúl Parada , Victor Monzon Baeza , Carlos Horcajo Fernández de Gamboa , Rocío Serrano Camacho , Carlos Monzo

Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite has been considered as a potential supplement for the terrestrial Internet of Things (IoT). In this paper, we consider grant-free non-orthogonal random access (GF-NORA) in orthogonal frequency division…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-01 Yong Zuo , Mingyang Yue , Mingchen Zhang , Sixian Li , Shaojie Ni , Xiaojun Yuan

Terahertz inter-satellite links enable unprecedented sensing precision for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) constellations, yet face fundamental bounds from hardware impairments, pointing errors, and network interference. We develop a Network…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-23 Haofan Dong , Houtianfu Wang , Hanlin Cai , Ozgur B. Akan

High-rate satellite communications among hundreds and even thousands of satellites deployed at low-Earth orbits (LEO) will be an important element of the forthcoming sixth-generation (6G) of wireless systems beyond 2030. With millimeter…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Sergi Aliaga , Vitaly Petrov , Josep M. Jornet