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Many modern workloads, such as neural networks, databases, and graph processing, are fundamentally memory-bound. For such workloads, the data movement between main memory and CPU cores imposes a significant overhead in terms of both latency…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Juan Gómez-Luna , Izzat El Hajj , Ivan Fernandez , Christina Giannoula , Geraldo F. Oliveira , Onur Mutlu

Modern computing systems are limited in performance by the memory bandwidth available to processors, a problem known as the memory wall. Processing-in-Memory (PIM) promises to substantially improve this problem by moving processing closer…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Sahar Ghoflsaz Ghinani , Jingyao Zhang , Elaheh Sadredini

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized various aspects of human life, yet their immense computational and energy demands pose significant challenges for efficient inference. The memory wall, the growing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Hongyi Li , Songchen Ma , Huanyu Qu , Weihao Zhang , Jia Chen , Junfeng Lin , Fengbin Tu , Rong Zhao

Memory system is often the main bottleneck in chipmultiprocessor (CMP) systems in terms of latency, bandwidth and efficiency, and recently additionally facing capacity and power problems in an era of big data. A lot of research works have…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2014-04-10 Licheng Chen , Tianyue Lu , Yanan Wang , Mingyu Chen , Yuan Ruan , Zehan Cui , Yongbing Huang , Mingyang Chen , Jiutian Zhang , Yungang Bao

Neural networks (NNs) are growing in importance and complexity. A neural network's performance (and energy efficiency) can be bound either by computation or memory resources. The processing-in-memory (PIM) paradigm, where computation is…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Geraldo F. Oliveira , Juan Gómez-Luna , Saugata Ghose , Amirali Boroumand , Onur Mutlu

The performance gap between memory and processor has grown rapidly. Consequently, the energy and wall-clock time costs associated with moving data between the CPU and main memory predominate the overall computational cost. The…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Qingcai Jiang , Shaojie Tan , Junshi Chen , Hong An

Bulk-bitwise processing-in-memory (PIM), an emerging computational paradigm utilizing memory arrays as computational units, has been shown to benefit database applications. This paper demonstrates how GROUP-BY and JOIN, database operations…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Ben Perach , Ronny Ronen , Shahar Kvatinsky

Processing-in-memory (PIM) architectures allow software to explicitly initiate computation in the memory. This effectively makes PIM operations a new class of memory operations, alongside standard memory operations (e.g., load, store). For…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Ben Perach , Ronny Ronnen , Shahar Kvatinsky

Processing in-memory (PIM) is promising to accelerate neural networks (NNs) because it minimizes data movement and provides large computational parallelism. Similar to machine learning accelerators, application mapping, which determines the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Xuan Wang , Minxuan Zhou , Tajana Rosing

Compute-in-memory (PIM) mitigates the memory wall by performing computation within memory, reducing data movement and improving energy efficiency. DRAM-based PIM is particularly attractive due to its high density, mature manufacturing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Siddhartha Raman Sundara Raman , Siyuan Ma , Lizy Kurian John

Data movement between the main memory and the processor is a key contributor to execution time and energy consumption in memory-intensive applications. This data movement bottleneck can be alleviated using Processing-in-Memory (PiM). One…

The substantial memory bandwidth and computational demands of large language models (LLMs) present critical challenges for efficient inference. To tackle this, the literature has explored heterogeneous systems that combine neural processing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Yuzong Chen , Chao Fang , Xilai Dai , Yuheng Wu , Thierry Tambe , Marian Verhelst , Mohamed S. Abdelfattah

The exponential growth of Internet of Things (IoT) applications has intensified the demand for efficient, high-throughput, and energy-efficient data processing at the edge. Conventional CPU-centric encryption methods suffer from performance…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Rasha Karakchi , Rye Stahle-Smith , Nishant Chinnasami , Tiffany Yu

Processing in memory (PiM) represents a promising computing paradigm to enhance performance of numerous data-intensive applications. Variants performing computing directly in emerging nonvolatile memories can deliver very high energy…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed on edge devices with Neural Processing Units (NPUs), yet the decode phase remains memory-intensive, limiting performance. Processing-in-Memory (PIM) offers a promising solution, but…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Hai Huang

Processing-in-memory (PIM) is a promising computing paradigm to tackle the "memory wall" challenge. However, PIM system-level benefits over traditional von Neumann architecture can be reduced when the memory array cannot fully store all the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Peilin Chen , Xiaoxuan Yang

Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are an important feature of several communication and storage applications, offering a flexible and effective method for error correction. These codes are computationally complex and require the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Oscar Ferraz , Vitor Silva , Gabriel Falcao

In modern computer architectures, the performance of many memory-bound workloads (e.g., machine learning, graph processing, databases) is limited by the data movement bottleneck that emerges when transferring large amounts of data between…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Pedro Carrinho , Hamid Moghadaspour , Oscar Ferraz , João Dinis Ferreira , Yann Falevoz , Vitor Silva , Gabriel Falcao

Processing-using-memory (PuM) techniques leverage the analog operation of memory cells to perform computation. Several recent works have demonstrated PuM techniques in off-the-shelf DRAM devices. Since DRAM is the dominant memory technology…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Ataberk Olgun , Juan Gómez Luna , Konstantinos Kanellopoulos , Behzad Salami , Hasan Hassan , Oğuz Ergin , Onur Mutlu

Developing kernels for Processing-In-Memory (PIM) platforms poses unique challenges in data management and parallel programming on limited processing units. Although software development kits (SDKs) for PIM, such as the UPMEM SDK, provide…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Krystian Chmielewski , Jarosław Ławnicki , Uladzislau Lukyanau , Tadeusz Kobus , Maciej Maciejewski