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In this paper we describe a perfect simulation algorithm for the stable $M/G/c$ queue. Sigman (2011: Exact Simulation of the Stationary Distribution of the FIFO M/G/c Queue. Journal of Applied Probability, 48A, 209--213) showed how to build…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-12-02 Stephen B. Connor , Wilfrid S. Kendall

In the context of the long-tail scenario, models exhibit a strong demand for high-quality data. Data-centric approaches aim to enhance both the quantity and quality of data to improve model performance. Among these approaches, information…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Yanbiao Ma , Licheng Jiao , Fang Liu , Shuyuan Yang , Xu Liu , Puhua Chen

We consider the problem of packet scheduling in single-hop queueing networks, and analyze the impact of heavy-tailed traffic on the performance of Max-Weight scheduling. As a performance metric we use the delay stability of traffic flows: a…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2011-08-02 Mihalis G. Markakis , Eytan H. Modiano , John N. Tsitsiklis

Dispatching systems, where arriving jobs are immediately assigned to one of multiple queues, are ubiquitous in computer systems and service systems. A natural and practically relevant model is one in which each queue serves jobs in FCFS…

Performance · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Runhan Xie , Isaac Grosof , Ziv Scully

We consider the stochastic scheduling problem of minimizing the expected makespan on $m$ parallel identical machines. While the (adaptive) list scheduling policy achieves an approximation ratio of $2$, any (non-adaptive) fixed assignment…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-06-30 Guillaume Sagnol , Daniel Schmidt genannt Waldschmidt

Two of the most popular approximations for the distribution of the steady-state waiting time, $W_{\infty}$, of the M/G/1 queue are the so-called heavy-traffic approximation and heavy-tailed asymptotic, respectively. If the traffic…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-04-08 Mariana Olvera-Cravioto , Jose Blanchet , Peter Glynn

Recently, low-complexity and distributed Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA)-based scheduling algorithms have attracted extensive interest due to their throughput-optimal characteristics in general network topologies. However, these…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2014-05-06 Bin Li , Atilla Eryilmaz

We consider the FCFS G/G/n queue in the Halfin-Whitt regime, in the presence of heavy-tailed distributions (i.e. infinite variance). We prove that under minimal assumptions, i.e. only that processing times have finite 1 + epsilon moment and…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-07-26 David A. Goldberg , Yuan Li

Test-time scaling (TTS), which involves dynamic allocation of compute during inference, offers a promising way to improve reasoning in large language models. While existing TTS methods work well, they often rely on long decoding paths or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Aradhye Agarwal , Ayan Sengupta , Tanmoy Chakraborty

We are concerned with the problem of scheduling $n$ jobs onto $m$ identical machines. Each machine has to be in operation for a prescribed time, and the objective is to minimize the total machine working time. Precisely, let $c_i$ be the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Yi-Ting Hsieh , Mong-Jen Kao , Jhong-Yun Liu , Hung-Lung Wang

Continual learning, an important aspect of artificial intelligence and machine learning research, focuses on developing models that learn and adapt to new tasks while retaining previously acquired knowledge. Existing continual learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Liwei Kang , Wee Sun Lee

In reinforcement learning, an agent attempts to learn high-performing behaviors through interacting with the environment, such behaviors are often quantified in the form of a reward function. However some aspects of behavior-such as ones…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Yiming Zhang , Quan Vuong , Keith W. Ross

We investigate the asymptotic behavior of the steady-state queue length distribution under generalized max-weight scheduling in the presence of heavy-tailed traffic. We consider a system consisting of two parallel queues, served by a single…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2010-07-27 Krishna Jagannathan , Mihalis Markakis , Eytan Modiano , John N. Tsitsiklis

We consider the $\Delta_{(i)}/G/1$ queue, in which a a total of $n$ customers independently demand service after an exponential time. We focus on the case of heavy-tailed service times, and assume that the tail of the service time…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-05-23 Gianmarco Bet , Remco van der Hofstad , Johan S. H. van Leeuwaarden

How should we schedule jobs to minimize mean queue length? In the preemptive M/G/1 queue, we know the optimal policy is the Gittins policy, which uses any available information about jobs' remaining service times to dynamically prioritize…

Performance · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Yige Hong , Ziv Scully

We study the stochastic multi-armed bandit problem and design new policies that enjoy both worst-case optimality for expected regret and light-tailed risk for regret distribution. Specifically, our policy design (i) enjoys the worst-case…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-07-23 David Simchi-Levi , Zeyu Zheng , Feng Zhu

In this paper, a novel approach to the problem of estimating the heavy-tail exponent alpha>0 of a distribution is proposed. It is based on the fact that block-maxima of size m of the independent and identically distributed data scale at a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Stilian A. Stoev , George Michailidis , Murad S. Taqqu

We revisit the classic regret-minimization problem in the stochastic multi-armed bandit setting when the arm-distributions are allowed to be heavy-tailed. Regret minimization has been well studied in simpler settings of either bounded…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Shubhada Agrawal , Sandeep Juneja , Wouter M. Koolen

We study a heavily overloaded single-server queue with abandonment and derive bounds on stationary tail probabilities of the queue length. As the abandonment rate $\gamma \downarrow 0$, the centered-scaled queue length $\tilde{q}$ is known…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-20 Zedong Wang , Siva Theja Maguluri

This paper studies satisfaction of temporal properties on unknown stochastic processes that have continuous state spaces. We show how reinforcement learning (RL) can be applied for computing policies that are finite-memory and deterministic…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-29 Milad Kazemi , Sadegh Soudjani