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Automated Essay Score (AES) is proven to be one of the cutting-edge technologies. Scoring techniques are used for various purposes. Reliable scores are calculated based on influential variables. Such variables can be computed by different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Bagiya Lakshmi S , Sanjjushri Varshini R , Rohith Mahadevan , Raja CSP Raman

Automated Essay Scoring (AES) has been quite popular and is being widely used. However, lack of appropriate methodology for rating nonnative English speakers' essays has meant a lopsided advancement in this field. In this paper, we report…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-02-02 Amber Nigam

This paper introduces a novel perspective on the automated essay scoring (AES) task, challenging the conventional view of the ASAP dataset as a static entity. Employing simple text denoising techniques using prompting, we explore the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Jungyeul Park , Mengyang Qiu

Automatic essay scoring (AES) refers to the process of scoring free text responses to given prompts, considering human grader scores as the gold standard. Writing such essays is an essential component of many language and aptitude exams.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-02-09 Sowmya Vajjala

As Automated Essay Scoring (AES) systems are increasingly used in high-stakes educational settings, concerns regarding algorithmic bias against English as a Second Language (ESL) learners have increased. Current Transformer-based regression…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Kevin Fan , Eric Yun

While automated essay scoring (AES) can reliably grade essays at scale, automated writing evaluation (AWE) additionally provides formative feedback to guide essay revision. However, a neural AES typically does not provide useful feature…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-06 Haoran Zhang , Diane Litman

Automated essay scoring (AES) is a useful tool in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) writing education, offering real-time essay scores for students and instructors. However, previous AES models were trained on essays and scores irrelevant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Haneul Yoo , Jieun Han , So-Yeon Ahn , Alice Oh

Current state-of-art feature-engineered and end-to-end Automated Essay Score (AES) methods are proven to be unable to detect adversarial samples, e.g. the essays composed of permuted sentences and the prompt-irrelevant essays. Focusing on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-23 Jiawei Liu , Yang Xu , Yaguang Zhu

While current Automated Essay Scoring (AES) methods demonstrate high scoring agreement with human raters, their decision-making mechanisms are not fully understood. Our proposed method, using counterfactual intervention assisted by Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Yupei Wang , Renfen Hu , Zhe Zhao

Individual feedback can help students improve their essay writing skills. However, the manual effort required to provide such feedback limits individualization in practice. Automatically-generated essay feedback may serve as an alternative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Maja Stahl , Leon Biermann , Andreas Nehring , Henning Wachsmuth

Research on holistic Automated Essay Scoring (AES) is long-dated; yet, there is a notable lack of attention for assessing essays according to individual traits. In this work, we propose TRATES, a novel trait-specific and rubric-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Sohaila Eltanbouly , Salam Albatarni , Tamer Elsayed

Automated essay scoring (AES) predicts multiple rubric-defined trait scores for each essay, where each trait follows an ordered discrete rating scale. Most LLM-based AES methods cast scoring as autoregressive token generation and obtain the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Han Zhang , Jiamin Su , Li liu

Automated Essay Scoring (AES) systems now reach near human agreement on some public benchmarks, yet real-world adoption, especially in high-stakes examinations, remains limited. A principal obstacle is that most models output a single score…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Ahmed Karim , Qiao Wang , Zheng Yuan

Automatic evaluation of essay (AES) and also called automatic essay scoring has become a severe problem due to the rise of online learning and evaluation platforms such as Coursera, Udemy, Khan academy, and so on. Researchers have recently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Tsegaye Misikir Tashu , Chandresh Kumar Maurya , Tomas Horvath

Automated essay scoring plays an important role in judging students' language abilities in education. Traditional approaches use handcrafted features to score and are time-consuming and complicated. Recently, neural network approaches have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-08 You-Jin Jong , Yong-Jin Kim , Ok-Chol Ri

Automatic essay grading (AEG) has attracted the the attention of the NLP community because of its applications to several educational applications, such as scoring essays, short answers, etc. AEG systems can save significant time and money…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Maisha Maliha , Vishal Pramanik

This paper presents a novel Automatic Essay Scoring (AES) algorithm tailored for the Portuguese-language essays of Brazil's Exame Nacional do Ensino M\'edio (ENEM), addressing the challenges in traditional human grading systems. Our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Felipe Akio Matsuoka

Automated Essay Scoring (AES) plays a crucial role in assessing language learners' writing quality, reducing grading workload, and providing real-time feedback. The lack of annotated essay datasets inhibits the development of Arabic AES…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Chatrine Qwaider , Bashar Alhafni , Kirill Chirkunov , Nizar Habash , Ted Briscoe

Recent advances in cross-prompt automated essay scoring (AES) typically train models jointly on all source prompts, often requiring additional access to unlabeled target prompt essays simultaneously. However, using all sources is suboptimal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Sanwoo Lee , Kun Liang , Yunfang Wu

This study examines the effect of grammatical features in automatic essay scoring (AES). We use two kinds of grammatical features as input to an AES model: (1) grammatical items that writers used correctly in essays, and (2) the number of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Kosuke Doi , Katsuhito Sudoh , Satoshi Nakamura