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The construction of a quantum computer remains a fundamental scientific and technological challenge, in particular due to unavoidable noise. Quantum states and operations can be protected from errors using protocols for fault-tolerant…

Fault-tolerant (FT) computation by using quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for realizing large-scale quantum algorithms. Devices are expected to have enough qubits to demonstrate aspects of fault tolerance in the near future.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-24 Lingling Lao , Carmen G. Almudever

Fault-tolerant quantum error correction provides a strategy to protect information processed by a quantum computer against noise which would otherwise corrupt the data. A fault-tolerant universal quantum computer must implement a universal…

Quantum computers promise to solve problems that are intractable for classical computers, but qubits are vulnerable to many sources of error, limiting the depth of the circuits that can be reliably executed on today's quantum hardware.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-04 Daniel Honciuc Menendez , Annie Ray , Michael Vasmer

Using the circulant symmetry of a Hamiltonian describing three qubits, we realize the quantum Fourier transform. This symmetry allows us to construct a set of eigenvectors independently on the magnitude of physical parameters involved in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-05 Mouhcine Yachi , Radouan Hab-arrih , Ahmed Jellal

A global race towards developing a gate-based, universal quantum computer that one day promises to unlock the never before seen computational power has begun and the biggest challenge in achieving this goal arguably is the quality…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-29 Ming Li , Jason Amini , Yunseong Nam

The quantum Fourier transform (QFT) has been implemented on a three bit nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) quantum computer, providing a first step towards the realization of Shor's factoring and other quantum algorithms. Implementation of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-01-23 Yaakov S. Weinstein , Seth Lloyd , David G. Cory

The fault-tolerant operation of logical qubits is an important requirement for realizing a universal quantum computer. Spin qubits based on quantum dots have great potential to be scaled to large numbers because of their compatibility with…

We propose an implementation of the algorithm for the fast Fourier transform (FFT) as a quantum circuit consisting of a combination of some quantum gates. In our implementation, a data sequence is expressed by a tensor product of vector…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-11 Ryo Asaka , Kazumitsu Sakai , Ryoko Yahagi

The Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT) is a fundamental component of many quantum computing algorithms. In this paper, we present an alternative method for factoring this transformation. Inspired by this approach, we introduce a new quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-30 Juan M. Romero , Emiliano Montoya-González , Guillermo Cruz , Roberto C. Romero

Quantum computers comprise elementary logic gates that initialize, control and measure delicate quantum states. One of the most important gates is the controlled-NOT, which is widely used to prepare two-qubit entangled states. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-04 Robert J. Chapman , Samuel Häusler , Giovanni Finco , Fabian Kaufmann , Rachel Grange

A successful quantum error correction protocol would allow quantum computers to run algorithms without suffering from the effects of noise. However, fully fault-tolerant quantum error correction is too resource intensive for existing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-29 Chris N. Self , Marcello Benedetti , David Amaro

Trapped ions are a promising tool for building a large-scale quantum computer. However, the number of required radiation fields for the realisation of quantum gates in any proposed ion-based architecture scales with the number of ions…

Active quantum error correction has been identified as a crucial ingredient of future quantum computers, motivating the recent experimental efforts to encode logical quantum bits using small topological codes. In addition to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-06 M. Gutiérrez , M. Müller , A. Bermudez

The stable operation of quantum computers will rely on error-correction, in which single quantum bits of information are stored redundantly in the Hilbert space of a larger system. Such encoded qubits are commonly based on arrays of many…

Quantum computers are on the brink of surpassing the capabilities of even the most powerful classical computers. This naturally raises the question of how one can trust the results of a quantum computer when they cannot be compared to…

Steane code is one of the most widely studied quantum error-correction codes, which is a natural choice for fault-tolerant quantum computation (FTQC). However, the original Steane code is not fault-tolerant because the CNOT gates in an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-08 Qiqing Xia , Huiqin Xie , Li Yang

A major challenge in practical quantum computation is the ineludible errors caused by the interaction of quantum systems with their environment. Fault-tolerant schemes, in which logical qubits are encoded by several physical qubits, enable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-17 Kai Sun , Jin-Shi Xu , Xiao-Ye Xu , Yong-Jian Han , Chuan-Feng Li , Guang-Can Guo

We propose a method for the realization of the two-qubit quantum Fourier transform (QFT) using a Hamiltonian which possesses the circulant symmetry. Importantly, the eigenvectors of the circulant matrices are the Fourier modes and do not…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-28 Peter A. Ivanov , Nikolay V. Vitanov

Designing high-fidelity quantum circuits remains challenging, and current paradigms often depend on heuristic, fixed-ansatz structures or rule-based compilers that can be suboptimal or lack generality. We introduce a neuro-symbolic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-10 Antonin Sulc