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Progressive multi-state survival outcomes are common in trials with recurrent or sequential events and require treatment effect estimands that remain interpretable without proportional intensity or Markov assumptions. The restricted mean…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-22 Xi Fang , Bingkai Wang , Guangyu Tong , Liangyuan Hu , Shuangge Ma , Fan Li

In causal inference, estimating the average treatment effect is a central objective, and in the context of competing risks data, this effect can be quantified by the cause-specific cumulative incidence function (CIF) difference. While…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-27 Yifei Tian , Ying Wu

This paper analyzes the computational complexity of validated interval methods for uncertain nonlinear systems and steady-state enclosure. Interval analysis produces guaranteed enclosures that account for uncertainty and round-off, but its…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Rudra Prakash , S. Janardhanan , Shaunak Sen

In molecular biology, advances in high-throughput technologies have made it possible to study complex multivariate phenotypes and their simultaneous associations with high-dimensional genomic and other omics data, a problem that can be…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-02 Zhi Zhao , Marco Banterle , Leonardo Bottolo , Sylvia Richardson , Alex Lewin , Manuela Zucknick

We propose robust two-sample tests for comparing means in time series. The framework accommodates a wide range of applications, including structural breaks, treatment-control comparisons, and group-averaged panel data. We first consider…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-12-23 Ulrich Hounyo , Min Seong Kim

Hybrid controlled trials (HCTs), which augment randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with external controls (ECs), are increasingly receiving attention as a way to address limited power, slow accrual, and ethical concerns in clinical…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-02 Jiajun Liu , Ke Zhu , Shu Yang , Xiaofei Wang

When randomized ensemble methods such as bagging and random forests are implemented, a basic question arises: Is the ensemble large enough? In particular, the practitioner desires a rigorous guarantee that a given ensemble will perform…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-08-06 Miles E. Lopes , Suofei Wu , Thomas C. M. Lee

We propose a robust inferential procedure for assessing uncertainties of parameter estimation in high-dimensional linear models, where the dimension $p$ can grow exponentially fast with the sample size $n$. Our method combines the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-03-19 Tianqi Zhao , Mladen Kolar , Han Liu

This article presents an algorithm that generates a conservative confidence interval of a specified length and coverage probability for the power of a Monte Carlo test (such as a bootstrap or permutation test). It is the first method that…

Computation · Statistics 2013-03-13 Axel Gandy , Patrick Rubin-Delanchy

The \pkg{pintervals} package aims to provide a unified framework for constructing prediction intervals and calibrating predictions in a model-agnostic setting using set-aside calibration data. It comprises routines to construct conformal as…

Applications · Statistics 2026-01-08 David Randahl , Anders Hjort , Jonathan P. Williams

Kernel methods are widely used in causal inference for tasks such as treatment effect estimation, policy evaluation, and policy learning. The bootstrap is a standard tool for uncertainty quantification because of its broad applicability. As…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-17 Matthew Kosko , Falco J , Bargagli-Stoffi , Lin Wang , Michele Santacatterina

The ISO 5725 series frames interlaboratory precision through repeatability, between-laboratory, and reproducibility variances, yet practical guidance on deploying bootstrap methods within this one-way random-effects setting remains limited.…

Applications · Statistics 2026-02-10 Jun-ichi Takeshita , Kazuhiro Morita , Tomomichi Suzuki

The R package CVEK introduces a suite of flexible machine learning models and robust hypothesis tests for learning the joint nonlinear effects of multiple covariates in limited samples. It implements the Cross-validated Ensemble of Kernels…

Computation · Statistics 2020-12-22 Wenying Deng , Jeremiah Zhe Liu , Erin Lake , Brent A. Coull

In epidemiological cohort studies, the relative risk (also known as risk ratio) is a major measure of association to summarize the results of two treatments or exposures. Generally, it measures the relative change in disease risk as a…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-05 Gopal Nath , Krishna K. Saha , Suojin Wang

The purpose of this paper is to propose methodologies for statistical inference of low-dimensional parameters with high-dimensional data. We focus on constructing confidence intervals for individual coefficients and linear combinations of…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-11-05 Cun-Hui Zhang , Stephanie S. Zhang

Uncertainty quantification for estimation through stochastic optimization solutions in an online setting has gained popularity recently. This paper introduces a novel inference method focused on constructing confidence intervals with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-24 Wanrong Zhu , Zhipeng Lou , Ziyang Wei , Wei Biao Wu

Data transformations are essential for broad applicability of parametric regression models. However, for Bayesian analysis, joint inference of the transformation and model parameters typically involves restrictive parametric transformations…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-08-29 Daniel R. Kowal , Bohan Wu

Nonparametric regression and regression-discontinuity designs suffer from smoothing bias that distorts conventional confidence intervals. Solutions based on robust bias correction (RBC) are now central to the economist's toolbox. In this…

We analyze the split-sample robust inference (SSRI) methodology proposed by Chernozhukov, Demirer, Duflo, and Fernandez-Val (CDDF) for quantifying uncertainty in heterogeneous treatment effect estimation. While SSRI effectively accounts for…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-11 Kosuke Imai , Michael Lingzhi Li

We propose and analyze a model-based bootstrap for transition kernels in finite controlled Markov chains (CMCs) with possibly nonstationary or history-dependent control policies, a setting that arises naturally in offline reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-13 Ziwei Su , Imon Banerjee , Diego Klabjan
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