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We introduce the $dipole$ $cosmological$ $principle$, the idea that the Universe is a maximally Copernican cosmology, compatible with a cosmic flow. It serves as the most symmetric paradigm that generalizes the FLRW ansatz, in light of the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-17 Chethan Krishnan , Ranjini Mondol , M. M. Sheikh-Jabbari

Low amplitude (linear regime) cosmic density fluctuations lead to spatial variations in the locally measurable value of $H_0$ (denoted as $H_L$), $\delta_H \equiv (H_L-H_0)/H_0$, which are of order 3-6% (95% confidence interval) in a sphere…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 Yun Wang , David N. Spergel , Edwin L. Turner

Recent analyses of large-scale structure and redshift surveys have reported significant dipolar anisotropies in the local Universe that are not straightforwardly attributable to a global kinematic boost. When interpreted within standard…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-05 Erick Pastén

Dipole cosmology is the maximally Copernican generalization of the FLRW paradigm that can incorporate bulk flows in the cosmic fluid. In this paper, we first discuss how multiple fluid components with independent flows can be realized in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-24 Ehsan Ebrahimian , Chethan Krishnan , Ranjini Mondol , M. M. Sheikh-Jabbari

We present a novel test of the cosmological principle: the idea that, on sufficiently large scales, the universe should appear homogeneous and isotropic to observers comoving with the Hubble flow. This is a fundamental assumption in modern…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-05-19 Oliver T. Oayda , Geraint F. Lewis

The Cosmological Principle is part of the foundation that underpins the standard model of the Universe. In the era of precision cosmology, when stress tests of the standard model are uncovering various tensions and possible anomalies, it is…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-16 Caroline Guandalin , Jade Piat , Chris Clarkson , Roy Maartens

Several anomalies appear to be present in the large-angle cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy maps of WMAP, including the alignment of large-scale multipoles. Models in which isotropy is spontaneously broken (e.g., by a scalar…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-13 Haoxuan Zheng , Emory F. Bunn

In this work it is shown for some spatially homogeneous but anisotropic models how the inhomogeneities in the distribution of matter on the surface of the last scattering produce anisotropies in large angular scales (larger than $\vartheta…

Astrophysics · Physics 2012-10-15 Paulo Aguiar , Paulo Crawford

In the concordance model of the Universe, the matter distribution - as observed in galaxy number counts or the intensity of line emission (such as the 21cm line of neutral hydrogen) - should have a kinematic dipole due to the Sun's motion…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-01-19 Roy Maartens , Chris Clarkson , Song Chen

The present matter density of the Universe, while highly inhomogeneous on small scales, displays approximate homogeneity on large scales. We propose that whereas it is justified to use the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) line…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Aseem Paranjape , T. P. Singh

We expose the scenarios of primordial baryon-photon plasma evolution within the framework of the Milne-like universe models. Recently, such models find a second wind and promise an inflation-free solution of a lot of cosmological puzzles…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-01-09 S. L. Cherkas , V. L. Kalashnikov

Extremely well! In the $\Lambda$CDM model, the spacetime metric, $g_{ab}$, of our universe is approximated by an FLRW metric, $g_{ab}^{(0)}$, to about 1 part in $10^4$ or better on both large and small scales, except in the immediate…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-17 Stephen R. Green , Robert M. Wald

We study the dipole anisotropy in the arrival directions of high energy CR electrons and positrons (CRE) of Dark Matter (DM) origin. We show that this quantity is very weakly model dependent and offers a viable criterion to discriminate…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2012-02-08 Enrico Borriello , Luca Maccione , Alessandro Cuoco

There is tentative evidence for a mismatch between the rest frames of matter and the cosmic microwave background, the "quasar dipole anomaly". We consider such a dipole in tilted anisotropic models, for a range of scenarios and sources:…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-04 Alicia Martín , Constantinos Skordis , Deaglan J. Bartlett , Harry Desmond , Pedro G. Ferreira , Tariq Yasin

The assumptions of large-scale homogeneity and isotropy underly the familiar Friedmann-Lema\^{\i}tre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric that appears to be an accurate description of our Universe. In this paper, we propose a new strategy of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-10-24 Shuo Cao , Jingzhao Qi , Zhoujian Cao , Marek Biesiada , Jin Li , Yu Pan , Zong-Hong Zhu

The Cosmological Principle (CP) -- the notion that the Universe is spatially isotropic and homogeneous on large scales -- underlies a century of progress in cosmology. It is conventionally formulated through the…

If gamma-ray bursts originate at cosmological distances then their angular distribution should exhibit a dipole in the direction of the solar motion relative to the cosmic microwave background. This is due to the combined effects of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-22 Eyal Maoz

The motion of the solar system against an isotropic radiation background, such as the cosmic microwave background, induces a dipole anisotropy in the background due to the Doppler effect. Flux-limited observation of the continuum radiation…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-20 Kyungjin Ahn

The Cosmic Radio Dipole is of fundamental interest to cosmology. Recent studies revealed open questions about the nature of the observed Cosmic Radio Dipole. We use simulated source count maps to test a linear and a quadratic estimator for…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-07 Thilo M. Siewert , Matthias Schmidt-Rubart , Dominik J. Schwarz

The Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has collected the largest ever sample of high-energy cosmic-ray electron and positron events since the beginning of its operation. Potential anisotropies in the arrival…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-03-06 LAT Collaboration