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The proficiency of Large Language Models (LLMs) in processing structured data and adhering to syntactic rules is a capability that drives their widespread adoption but also makes them paradoxically vulnerable. In this paper, we investigate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Amirkia Rafiei Oskooei , Mehmet S. Aktas

Securing the Internet of Things (IoT) is a necessary milestone toward expediting the deployment of its applications and services. In particular, the functionality of the IoT devices is extremely dependent on the reliability of their message…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-07 Aidin Ferdowsi , Walid Saad

Backdoor attack poses a significant security threat to Deep Learning applications. Existing attacks are often not evasive to established backdoor detection techniques. This susceptibility primarily stems from the fact that these attacks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Siyuan Cheng , Guanhong Tao , Yingqi Liu , Guangyu Shen , Shengwei An , Shiwei Feng , Xiangzhe Xu , Kaiyuan Zhang , Shiqing Ma , Xiangyu Zhang

Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) make use of intrinsic manufacturing variations in memory cells to derive device-unique responses. Employing such hardware-rooted fingerprints for authentication, this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Florian Lehn , Pascal Ahr , Hans D. Schotten

LLM-integrated applications and agents are vulnerable to prompt injection attacks, where adversaries embed malicious instructions within seemingly benign input data to manipulate the LLM's intended behavior. Recent defenses based on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Sarthak Choudhary , Divyam Anshumaan , Nils Palumbo , Somesh Jha

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely deployed as the backbone with additional tools and text information for real-world applications. However, integrating external information into LLM-integrated applications raises significant…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Jiongxiao Wang , Fangzhou Wu , Wendi Li , Jinsheng Pan , Edward Suh , Z. Morley Mao , Muhao Chen , Chaowei Xiao

Software vulnerabilities continue to undermine the reliability and security of modern systems, particularly as software complexity outpaces the capabilities of traditional detection methods. This study introduces a genetic algorithm-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Yanusha Mehendran , Maolin Tang , Yi Lu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various domains. However, their potential to generate harmful responses has raised significant societal and regulatory concerns, especially when manipulated by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Advait Yadav , Haibo Jin , Man Luo , Jun Zhuang , Haohan Wang

While cryptographic algorithms such as the ubiquitous Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) are secure, *physical implementations* of these algorithms in hardware inevitably 'leak' sensitive data such as cryptographic keys. A particularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Jimmy Gammell , Anand Raghunathan , Abolfazl Hashemi , Kaushik Roy

Spectre v1 attacks pose a substantial threat to security-critical software, particularly cryptographic implementations. Existing software mitigations, however, often introduce excessive overhead by indiscriminately hardening instructions…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yiming Zhu , Wenchao Huang , Yan Xiong

We investigate the security of Split Learning -- a novel collaborative machine learning framework that enables peak performance by requiring minimal resources consumption. In the present paper, we expose vulnerabilities of the protocol and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Dario Pasquini , Giuseppe Ateniese , Massimo Bernaschi

While large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in providing trustworthy responses for knowledge-intensive tasks, they still face critical limitations such as hallucinations and outdated knowledge. To address these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Zizhong Li , Haopeng Zhang , Jiawei Zhang

We present RapidPen, a fully automated penetration testing (pentesting) framework that addresses the challenge of achieving an initial foothold (IP-to-Shell) without human intervention. Unlike prior approaches that focus primarily on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Sho Nakatani

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in various domains but pose inherent privacy risks. Existing methods to evaluate privacy leakage in LLMs often use memorized prefixes or simple instructions to extract data, both of which well-alignment…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Yidan Wang , Yanan Cao , Yubing Ren , Fang Fang , Zheng Lin , Binxing Fang

Despite recent advances, Large Language Models remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that bypass alignment safeguards and elicit harmful outputs. While prior research has proposed various attack strategies differing in human readability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Havva Alizadeh Noughabi , Julien Serbanescu , Fattane Zarrinkalam , Ali Dehghantanha

LLM-based chatbot agents increasingly process user requests by combining natural-language reasoning with external tools such as web browsing. These capabilities improve usability, but they also create attack surfaces when untrusted external…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Hongjang Yang , Hyunsik Na , Daeseon Choi

Internet of Things connects lots of small constrained devices to the Internet. As in any other environment, communication security is important and cryptographic algorithms are one of many elements that we use in order to keep messages…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-02-28 Jakub Breier , Wei He

Agent hijacking, highlighted by OWASP as a critical threat to the Large Language Model (LLM) ecosystem, enables adversaries to manipulate execution by injecting malicious instructions into retrieved content. Most existing attacks rely on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Xinhao Deng , Jiaqing Wu , Miao Chen , Yue Xiao , Ke Xu , Qi Li

Inter-VM RowHammer is an attack that induces a bitflip beyond the boundaries of virtual machines (VMs) to compromise a VM from another, and some software-based techniques have been proposed to mitigate this attack. Evaluating these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Hidemasa Kawasaki , Soramichi Akiyama

As large language models (LLMs) grow more capable, they face growing vulnerability to sophisticated jailbreak attacks. While developers invest heavily in alignment finetuning and safety guardrails, researchers continue publishing novel…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Boyuan Chen , Minghao Shao , Abdul Basit , Siddharth Garg , Muhammad Shafique