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The globalization of semiconductor supply chains has exposed Network-on-Chip (NoC) interconnects in System-on-Chip (SoC) architectures to critical security risks, including reverse engineering and IP theft. To address these threats, this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Dipal Halder

Logic locking is used to protect integrated circuits (ICs) from piracy and counterfeiting. An encrypted IC implements the correct function only when the right key is input. Many existing logic-locking methods are subject to the powerful…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Jingbo Zhou , Xinmiao Zhang

Architectural obfuscation - e.g., permuting hidden-state tensors, linearly transforming embedding tables, or remapping tokens - has recently gained traction as a lightweight substitute for heavyweight cryptography in privacy-preserving…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Marcos Florencio , Thomas Barton

Program obfuscation is an important software protection technique that prevents attackers from revealing the programming logic and design of the software. We introduce translingual obfuscation, a new software obfuscation scheme which makes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-01-13 Pei Wang , Shuai Wang , Jiang Ming , Yufei Jiang , Dinghao Wu

Due to cost benefits, supply chains of integrated circuits (ICs) are largely outsourced nowadays. However, passing ICs through various third-party providers gives rise to many security threats, like piracy of IC intellectual property or…

We propose a secure and lightweight key based challenge obfuscation for strong PUFs. Our architecture is designed to be resilient against learning attacks. Our obfuscation mechanism uses non-linear feedback shift registers (NLFSRs).…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Kleber Stangherlin , Zhuanhao Wu , Hiren Patel , Manoj Sachdev

In this paper, we claim that cyclic obfuscation, when properly implemented, poses exponential complexity on SAT or CycSAT attack. The CycSAT, in order to generate the necessary cycle avoidance clauses, uses a pre-processing step. We show…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-04-25 Shervin Roshanisefat , Hadi Mardani Kamali , Avesta Sasan

Logic locking "hides" the functionality of a digital circuit to protect it from counterfeiting, piracy, and malicious design modifications. The original design is transformed into a "locked" design such that the circuit reveals its correct…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Gourav Takhar , Ramesh Karri , Christian Pilato , Subhajit Roy

The security of logic locking has been called into question by various attacks, especially a Boolean satisfiability (SAT) based attack, that exploits scan access in a working chip. Among other techniques, a robust design-for-security (DFS)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-20 Nimisha Limaye , Abhrajit Sengupta , Mohammed Nabeel , Ozgur Sinanoglu

To demonstrate and address the underlying maliciousness, we propose a theoretical hypothesis and analytical approach, and introduce a new black-box jailbreak attack methodology named IntentObfuscator, exploiting this identified flaw by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Shang Shang , Xinqiang Zhao , Zhongjiang Yao , Yepeng Yao , Liya Su , Zijing Fan , Xiaodan Zhang , Zhengwei Jiang

Latent-space monitors aim to detect undesirable behaviours in Large Language Models by leveraging their internal representations rather than relying solely on black-box outputs. These methods have shown promise in identifying behaviours…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Rohan Gupta , Erik Jenner

Software obfuscation plays a crucial role in protecting intellectual property in software from reverse engineering attempts. While some obfuscation techniques originate from the obfuscation-reverse engineering arms race, others stem from…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Giulio De Pasquale , Fukutomo Nakanishi , Daniele Ferla , Lorenzo Cavallaro

Many cybersecurity attacks rely on analyzing a binary executable to find exploitable sections of code. Code obfuscation is used to prevent attackers from reverse engineering these executables. In this work, we focus on control flow…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-28 Novak Boskov , Mihailo Isakov , Michel A. Kinsy

Logic locking is a prominent technique to protect the integrity of hardware designs throughout the integrated circuit design and fabrication flow. However, in recent years, the security of locking schemes has been thoroughly challenged by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Dominik Sisejkovic , Farhad Merchant , Lennart M. Reimann , Harshit Srivastava , Ahmed Hallawa , Rainer Leupers

Gate camouflaging is a known security enhancement technique that tries to thwart reverse engineering by hiding the functions of gates or the connections between them. A number of works on SAT-based attacks have shown that it is often…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-02-27 Shahrzad Keshavarz , Falk Schellenberg , Bastian Richter , Christof Paar , Daniel Holcomb

Side-channel attacks are efficient attacks against cryptographic devices. They use only quantities observable from outside, such as the duration and the power consumption. Attacks against synchronous devices using electric observations are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2008-09-24 Philippe Hoogvorst , Sylvain Guilley , Sumanta Chaudhuri , Jean-Luc Danger , Taha Beyrouthy , Laurent Fesquet

The globalization of the IC supply chain has raised many security threats, especially when untrusted parties are involved. This has created a demand for a dependable logic obfuscation solution to combat these threats. Amongst a wide range…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-07 Kimia Zamiri Azar , Hadi Mardani Kamali , Houman Homayoun , Avesta Sasan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in generative tasks, including register-transfer level (RTL) hardware synthesis. However, their tendency to memorize training data poses critical risks when proprietary or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Nowfel Mashnoor , Mohammad Akyash , Hadi Kamali , Kimia Azar

A potential vulnerability for integrated circuits (ICs) is the insertion of hardware trojans (HTs) during manufacturing. Understanding the practicability of such an attack can lead to appropriate measures for mitigating it. In this paper,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-22 Alexander Hepp , Tiago Perez , Samuel Pagliarini , Georg Sigl

Logic locking has been a promising solution to many hardware security threats, such as intellectual property infringement and overproduction. Due to the increased attention that threats have received, many efficient specialized attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-12 F. Almeida , L. Aksoy , Q-L. Nguyen , S. Dupuis , M-L. Flottes , S. Pagliarini
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