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Fourier Neural Operators (FNO) offer a principled approach to solving challenging partial differential equations (PDE) such as turbulent flows. At the core of FNO is a spectral layer that leverages a discretization-convergent representation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Robert Joseph George , Jiawei Zhao , Jean Kossaifi , Zongyi Li , Anima Anandkumar

Partial differential equations (PDEs) govern a wide variety of dynamical processes in science and engineering, yet obtaining their numerical solutions often requires high-resolution discretizations and repeated evaluations of complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Valentin Duruisseaux , Jean Kossaifi , Anima Anandkumar

Solving Singularly Perturbed Differential Equations (SPDEs) poses computational challenges arising from the rapid transitions in their solutions within thin regions. The effectiveness of deep learning in addressing differential equations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Ye Li , Ting Du , Yiwen Pang , Zhongyi Huang

Neural operators improve conventional neural networks by expanding their capabilities of functional mappings between different function spaces to solve partial differential equations (PDEs). One of the most notable methods is the Fourier…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Xuanle Zhao , Yue Sun , Tielin Zhang , Bo Xu

We propose the Factorized Fourier Neural Operator (F-FNO), a learning-based approach for simulating partial differential equations (PDEs). Starting from a recently proposed Fourier representation of flow fields, the F-FNO bridges the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Alasdair Tran , Alexander Mathews , Lexing Xie , Cheng Soon Ong

Fourier neural operators (FNOs) are a recently introduced neural network architecture for learning solution operators of partial differential equations (PDEs), which have been shown to perform significantly better than comparable deep…

Fourier Neural Operators (FNOs) have emerged as promising surrogates for partial differential equation solvers. In this work, we extensively tested FNOs on a variety of systems with non-linear and non-stationary properties, using a wide…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Rad Haghi , Bipin Gaikwad , Abani Patra

Partial Differential Equation (PDE) problems often exhibit strong local spatial structures, and effectively capturing these structures is critical for approximating their solutions. Recently, the Fourier Neural Operator (FNO) has emerged as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Chaoyu Liu , Davide Murari , Lihao Liu , Yangming Li , Chris Budd , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb

Neural operators have been validated as promising deep surrogate models for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). Despite the critical role of boundary conditions in PDEs, however, only a limited number of neural operators robustly…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-12-13 Ziyuan Liu , Yuhang Wu , Daniel Zhengyu Huang , Hong Zhang , Xu Qian , Songhe Song

Fourier Neural Operators (FNO) have emerged as promising solutions for efficiently solving partial differential equations (PDEs) by learning infinite-dimensional function mappings through frequency domain transformations. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Tianyu Chen , Haoyi Zhou , Ying Li , Hao Wang , Zhenzhe Zhang , Tianchen Zhu , Shanghang Zhang , Jianxin Li

Fourier neural operators (FNOs) provide a mesh-independent way to learn solution operators for partial differential equations, yet their efficacy for magnetized turbulence is largely unexplored. Here we train an FNO surrogate for the 2-D…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-03 Roberta Duarte , Rodrigo Nemmen , Reinaldo Santos-Lima

Modeling high-frequency information is a critical challenge in scientific machine learning. For instance, fully turbulent flow simulations of the Navier-Stokes equations at Reynolds numbers 3500 and above can generate high-frequency signals…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Marimuthu Kalimuthu , David Holzmüller , Mathias Niepert

Fourier Neural Operators (FNOs) have emerged as leading surrogates for solver operators for various functional problems, yet their stability, generalization and frequency behavior lack a principled explanation. We present a systematic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Taeyoung Kim

Recent advancements in operator-type neural networks have shown promising results in approximating the solutions of spatiotemporal Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). However, these neural networks often entail considerable training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Shuhao Cao , Francesco Brarda , Ruipeng Li , Yuanzhe Xi

Neural operators learn mappings between function spaces, which is practical for learning solution operators of PDEs and other scientific modeling applications. Among them, the Fourier neural operator (FNO) is a popular architecture that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Miguel Liu-Schiaffini , Julius Berner , Boris Bonev , Thorsten Kurth , Kamyar Azizzadenesheli , Anima Anandkumar

The physics-informed neural operator (PINO) is a machine learning paradigm that has demonstrated promising results for learning solutions to partial differential equations (PDEs). It leverages the Fourier Neural Operator to learn solution…

In this paper, we propose a way to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) by combining machine learning techniques and the finite element method called Phi-FEM. For that, we use the Fourier Neural Operator (FNO), a learning mapping…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-03-05 Michel Duprez , Vanessa Lleras , Alexei Lozinski , Vincent Vigon , Killian Vuillemot

In this paper, we introduce Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Neural Operators (PODNO) for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) dominated by high-frequency components. Building on the structure of Fourier Neural Operators (FNO),…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-04-28 Zilan Cheng , Zhongjian Wang , Li-Lian Wang , Mejdi Azaiez

Learning the mapping between two function spaces has garnered considerable research attention. However, learning the solution operator of partial differential equations (PDEs) remains a challenge in scientific computing. Fourier neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Jin Young Shin , Jae Yong Lee , Hyung Ju Hwang

A plentitude of applications in scientific computing requires the approximation of mappings between Banach spaces. Recently introduced Fourier Neural Operator (FNO) and Deep Operator Network (DeepONet) can provide this functionality. For…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-04-02 V. Fanaskov , I. Oseledets
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