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Large-language-model (LLM)-based AI agents have recently showcased impressive versatility by employing dynamic reasoning, an adaptive, multi-step process that coordinates with external tools. This shift from static, single-turn inference to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Jiin Kim , Byeongjun Shin , Jinha Chung , Minsoo Rhu

Artificial intelligence (AI) has enabled a new paradigm of smart applications -- changing our way of living entirely. Many of these AI-enabled applications have very stringent latency requirements, especially for applications on mobile…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Anik Mallik , Haoxin Wang , Jiang Xie , Dawei Chen , Kyungtae Han

The growing demand for optimal and low-power energy consumption paradigms for IOT devices has garnered significant attention due to their cost-effectiveness, simplicity, and intelligibility. In this article, an AI hardware energy-efficient…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-03 Zheqi Yu , Chao Zhang , Pedro Machado , Adnan Zahid , Tim. Fernandez-Hart , Muhammad A. Imran , Qammer H. Abbasi

To address the high energy consumption of artificial intelligence, energy consumption disclosure (ECD) has been proposed to steer users toward more sustainable practices, such as choosing efficient small language models (SLMs) over large…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Michael Klesel , Uwe Messer

The digital landscape of the Internet of Energy (IoE) is on the brink of a revolutionary transformation with the integration of edge Artificial Intelligence (AI). This comprehensive review elucidates the promise and potential that edge AI…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Yassine Himeur , Aya Nabil Sayed , Abdullah Alsalemi , Faycal Bensaali , Abbes Amira

The growth of large-scale AI systems is increasingly constrained by infrastructure limits: power availability, thermal and water constraints, interconnect scaling, memory pressure, data-pipeline throughput, and rapidly escalating lifecycle…

General Economics · Economics 2026-01-21 Qi He

As AI's energy demand continues to grow, it is critical to enhance the understanding of characteristics of this demand, to improve grid infrastructure planning and environmental assessment. By combining empirical measurements from…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Alex C. Newkirk , Jared Fernandez , Jonathan Koomey , Imran Latif , Emma Strubell , Arman Shehabi , Constantine Samaras

The rapid evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) has significantly transformed logistics and supply chain management, particularly in the pursuit of sustainability and eco-efficiency. This study explores…

Green communications have always been a target for the information industry to alleviate energy overhead and reduce fossil fuel usage. In current 5G and future 6G era, there is no doubt that the volume of network infrastructure and the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-01-10 Bomin Mao , Fengxiao Tang , Kawamoto Yuichi , Nei Kato

Context: AI-assisted tools are increasingly integrated into software development workflows, but their reliance on large language models (LLMs) introduces substantial computational and energy costs. Understanding and reducing the energy…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Lola Solovyeva , Fernando Castor

Artificial Intelligence (AI), especially cloud platforms and large language models (LLMs), is changing how engineering is taught by making learning more interactive and flexible. However, in electrical engineering and energy systems,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-29 Osasumwen Cedric Ogiesoba-Eguakun , Phani Kumar Inkollu , Rupesh Sah , Zia Rashid , Douglas Jussaume , Suman Rath

The high computational complexity and high energy consumption of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms hinder their application in augmented reality (AR) systems. This paper considers the scene of completing video-based AI inference tasks…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-04 Guangjin Pan , Heng Zhang , Shugong Xu , Shunqing Zhang , Xiaojing Chen

The transition towards carbon-neutral electricity is one of the biggest game changers in addressing climate change since it addresses the dual challenges of removing carbon emissions from the two largest sectors of emitters: electricity and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Le Xie , Tong Huang , Xiangtian Zheng , Yan Liu , Mengdi Wang , Vijay Vittal , P. R. Kumar , Srinivas Shakkottai , Yi Cui

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on edge devices presents significant challenges due to computational constraints, memory limitations, inference speed, and energy consumption. Model quantization has emerged as a key technique to…

Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into software systems has significantly enhanced their capabilities while escalating energy demands. Ensemble learning, combining predictions from multiple models to form a single prediction,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Nienke Nijkamp , June Sallou , Niels van der Heijden , Luís Cruz

As machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies become more widespread, concerns about their environmental impact are increasing due to the resource-intensive nature of training and inference processes. Green AI…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Vincenzo De Martino , Silverio Martínez-Fernández , Fabio Palomba

The rapid expansion of Large Language Models (LLMs) has introduced unprecedented energy demands, extending beyond training to large-scale inference workloads that often dominate total lifecycle consumption. Deploying these models requires…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Francisco Caravaca , Ángel Cuevas , Rubén Cuevas

AI power demand is growing unprecedentedly thanks to the high power density of AI compute and the emerging inferencing workload. On the supply side, abundant wind power is waiting for grid access in interconnection queues. In this light,…

Large-scale deep learning workloads increasingly suffer from I/O bottlenecks as datasets grow beyond local storage capacities and GPU compute outpaces network and disk latencies. While recent systems optimize data-loading time, they…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Hasibul Jamil , MD S Q Zulkar Nine , Tevfik Kosar

In this work, we propose and assess the potential of generative artificial intelligence (AI) to generate public engagement around potential clean energy sources. Such an application could increase energy literacy -- an awareness of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Veda Joynt , Jacob Cooper , Naman Bhargava , Katie Vu , O Hwang Kwon , Todd R. Allen , Aditi Verma , Majdi I. Radaideh