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Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising knowledge and reasoning abilities, yet their performance in multilingual and low-resource settings remains underexplored. Existing benchmarks often exhibit cultural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Khanh-Tung Tran , Barry O'Sullivan , Hoang D. Nguyen

This paper analyzes Large Language Model (LLM) security vulnerabilities based on data from Crucible, encompassing 214,271 attack attempts by 1,674 users across 30 LLM challenges. Our findings reveal automated approaches significantly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Rob Mulla , Ads Dawson , Vincent Abruzzon , Brian Greunke , Nick Landers , Brad Palm , Will Pearce

Despite the utility of Large Language Models (LLMs) across a wide range of tasks and scenarios, developing a method for reliably evaluating LLMs across varied contexts continues to be challenging. Modern evaluation approaches often use LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Steffi Chern , Ethan Chern , Graham Neubig , Pengfei Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved strong performance in general machine translation, yet their ability in culture-aware scenarios remains poorly understood. To bridge this gap, we introduce CanMT, a Culture-Aware Novel-Driven…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zekun Yuan , Yangfan Ye , Xiaocheng Feng , Baohang Li , Qichen Hong , Yunfei Lu , Dandan Tu , Bing Qin

In this time when biased information, deep fakes, and propaganda proliferate, the accessibility of reliable data sources is more important than ever. National statistical institutes provide curated data that contain quantitative information…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Gadir Suleymanli , Alexander Rogiers , Lucas Lageweg , Jefrey Lijffijt

To solve complex tasks, large language models (LLMs) often require multiple rounds of interactions with the user, sometimes assisted by external tools. However, current evaluation protocols often emphasize benchmark performance with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Xingyao Wang , Zihan Wang , Jiateng Liu , Yangyi Chen , Lifan Yuan , Hao Peng , Heng Ji

Large language models (LLMs) can label data faster and cheaper than humans for various NLP tasks. Despite their prowess, LLMs may fall short in understanding of complex, sociocultural, or domain-specific context, potentially leading to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Hannah Kim , Kushan Mitra , Rafael Li Chen , Sajjadur Rahman , Dan Zhang

The potential of Large Language Model (LLM) as agents has been widely acknowledged recently. Thus, there is an urgent need to quantitatively \textit{evaluate LLMs as agents} on challenging tasks in interactive environments. We present…

Affective Computing (AC) is essential in bridging the gap between human emotional experiences and machine understanding. Traditionally, AC tasks in natural language processing (NLP) have been approached through pipeline architectures, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Wenna Lai , Haoran Xie , Guandong Xu , Qing Li , S. Joe Qin

This study proposes a cognitive benchmarking framework to evaluate how large language models (LLMs) process and apply culturally specific knowledge. The framework integrates Bloom's Taxonomy with Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Hung-Shin Lee , Chen-Chi Chang , Ching-Yuan Chen , Yun-Hsiang Hsu

The advent of AI driven large language models (LLMs) have stirred discussions about their role in qualitative research. Some view these as tools to enrich human understanding, while others perceive them as threats to the core values of the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Muneera Bano , Didar Zowghi , Jon Whittle

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in diverse cultural environments, evaluating their cultural understanding capability has become essential for ensuring trustworthy and culturally aligned applications. However, most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Jinghao Zhang , Sihang Jiang , Shiwei Guo , Shisong Chen , Yanghua Xiao , Hongwei Feng , Jiaqing Liang , Minggui HE , Shimin Tao , Hongxia Ma

Red teaming has evolved from its origins in military applications to become a widely adopted methodology in cybersecurity and AI. In this paper, we take a critical look at the practice of AI red teaming. We argue that despite its current…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Subhabrata Majumdar , Brian Pendleton , Abhishek Gupta

Larger language models (LLMs) have taken the world by storm with their massive multi-tasking capabilities simply by optimizing over a next-word prediction objective. With the emergence of their properties and encoded knowledge, the risk of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Rishabh Bhardwaj , Soujanya Poria

Understanding how humans collaborate and communicate in teams is essential for improving human-agent teaming and AI-assisted decision-making. However, relying solely on data from large-scale user studies is impractical due to logistical,…

As LLMs become central to interactive applications, ranging from tutoring to mental health, the ability to express personality in culturally appropriate ways is increasingly important. While recent works have explored personality evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Priyanka Dey , Yugal Khanter , Aayush Bothra , Jieyu Zhao , Emilio Ferrara

AI-assisted decision making becomes increasingly prevalent, yet individuals often fail to utilize AI-based decision aids appropriately especially when the AI explanations are absent, potentially as they do not %understand reflect on AI's…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zhuoyan Li , Hangxiao Zhu , Zhuoran Lu , Ziang Xiao , Ming Yin

Large language models are becoming increasingly pervasive and ubiquitous in society via deployment in sociotechnical systems. Yet these language models, be it for classification or generation, have been shown to be biased and behave…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Charvi Rastogi , Marco Tulio Ribeiro , Nicholas King , Harsha Nori , Saleema Amershi

As Large Language Model (LLM) alignment evolves from simple completions to complex, highly sophisticated generation, Reward Models are increasingly shifting toward rubric-guided evaluation to mitigate surface-level biases. However, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Qiyuan Zhang , Junyi Zhou , Yufei Wang , Fuyuan Lyu , Yidong Ming , Can Xu , Qingfeng Sun , Kai Zheng , Peng Kang , Xue Liu , Chen Ma

AI agents could accelerate scientific discovery by automating hypothesis formation, experiment design, coding, execution, and analysis, yet existing benchmarks probe narrow skills in simplified settings. To address this gap, we introduce…