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The Landauer principle asserts that the energy cost of erasure of one bit of information by the action of a thermal reservoir in equilibrium at temperature T is never less than $kTlog 2$. We discuss Landauer's principle for quantum…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-19 Vojkan Jaksic , Claude-Alain Pillet

The third law of thermodynamics in the form of the unattainability principle states that exact ground-state cooling requires infinite resources. Here we investigate the amount of non-equilibrium resources needed for approximate cooling. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-28 Henrik Wilming , Rodrigo Gallego

Cooling of a quantum system is limited by the size of the control forces that are available (the "speed" of control). We consider the most general cooling process, albeit restricted to the regime in which the thermodynamics of the system is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-05 X. Wang , Sai Vinjanampathy , Frederick W. Strauch , Kurt Jacobs

In this article, we focus on erasure of a bit of information in finite time. Landauer's principle states that the average heat dissipation due to erasure of information is k_B T ln 2, which is achievable only in an asymptotic manner. Recent…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-09-26 James Melbourne , Saurav Talukdar , Murti Salapaka

Modern computing architectures are vastly more energy-dissipative than fundamental thermodynamic limits suggest, motivating the search for principled approaches to low-dissipation logical operations. We formulate multi-bit logical gates…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-07-01 Jérémie Klinger , Grant M. Rotskoff

We investigate the link between information and thermodynamics embodied by Landauer's principle in the open dynamics of a multipartite quantum system. Such irreversible dynamics is described in terms of a collisional model with a finite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-23 S. Lorenzo , R. McCloskey , F. Ciccarello , M. Paternostro , G. M. Palma

Quantum complexity measures the difficulty of realizing a quantum process, such as preparing a state or implementing a unitary. We present an approach to quantifying the thermodynamic resources required to implement a process if the…

The energy cost of erasing a bit of information was fundamentally lower bounded by Landauer, in terms of the temperature of its environment: $W\geq k_\mathrm{B} T \ln 2$. However, in real electronic devices, the information-bearing system…

The preparation of quantum states, especially cooling, is a fundamental technology for nanoscale devices. The past decade has seen important results related to both the limits of state transformation and the limits to their efficiency --…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-11 Ralph Silva , Pharnam Bakhshinezhad , Fabien Clivaz

A known aspect of the Clausius inequality is that an equilibrium system subjected to a squeezing $\d S<0$ of its entropy must release at least an amount $|\dbarrm Q|=T|\d S|$ of heat. This serves as a basis for the Landauer principle, which…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. E. Allahverdyan , Th. M. Nieuwenhuizen

Thermodynamic trade-off relations dictate fundamental limits on the performance of thermodynamic tasks through costs such as heat dissipation. Here, we propose a framework called thermodynamic recycling to circumvent these limits in quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-28 Nobumasa Ishida , Yoshihiko Hasegawa

Landauer's principle introduces a symmetry between computational and physical processes: erasure of information, a logically irreversible operation, must be underlain by an irreversible transformation dissipating energy. Monitoring micro-…

We measured the energy efficiency of information erasure using silicon DRAM cells capable of counting charges on capacitors at the single-electron level. Our measurements revealed that the efficiency decreased as the erasure error…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-04-01 Takase Shimizu , Kensaku Chida , Gento Yamahata , Katsuhiko Nishiguchi

In this work we explore the use of thermodynamic length to improve the performance of experimental protocols. In particular, we implement Landauer erasure on a driven electron level in a semiconductor quantum dot, and compare the standard…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-02-03 Matteo Scandi , David Barker , Sebastian Lehmann , Kimberly A. Dick , Ville F. Maisi , Martí Perarnau-Llobet

Energy consumption in solving computational problems has been gaining growing attention as one of the key performance measures for computers. Quantum computation is known to offer advantages over classical computation in terms of various…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-23 Florian Meier , Hayata Yamasaki

We discuss the application of techniques of quantum estimation theory and quantum metrology to thermometry. The ultimate limit to the precision at which the temperature of a system at thermal equilibrium can be determined is related to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-01 Antonella De Pasquale , Thomas M. Stace

Among the emerging technologies with prophesied quantum advantage, quantum communications has already led to fascinating demonstrations -- including quantum teleportation to and from satellites. However, all optical communication…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-16 Maxwell Aifer , Nathan Myers , Sebastian Deffner

The processing of quantum information is limited by fundamental physical constraints on how information can be encoded, transmitted, and extracted. In particular, the non-orthogonality of quantum states limits their distinguishability, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-17 André T. Cesário , Tiago Debarba

Cooling quantum systems is arguably one of the most important thermodynamic tasks connected to modern quantum technologies and an interesting question from a foundational perspective. It is thus of no surprise that many different…

A quantum thermodynamic system is described by a Hamiltonian and a list of conserved, non-commuting charges, and a fundamental goal is to determine the minimum energy of the system subject to constraints on the charges. Recently, [Liu et…