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Text-to-image diffusion models have shown impressive capabilities in generating realistic visuals from natural-language prompts, yet they often struggle with accurately binding attributes to corresponding objects, especially in prompts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Do Huu Dat , Nam Hyeonu , Po-Yuan Mao , Tae-Hyun Oh

We formalize and analyze a new problem in formal language theory termed control improvisation. Given a specification language, the problem is to produce an improviser, a probabilistic algorithm that randomly generates words in the language,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-04-24 Daniel J. Fremont , Alexandre Donzé , Sanjit A. Seshia

Prompt tuning for vision-language models such as CLIP involves optimizing the text prompts used to generate image-text pairs for specific downstream tasks. While hand-crafted or template-based prompts are generally applicable to a wider…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Qian Zhang

Existing generative approaches for guided image synthesis of multi-object scenes typically rely on 2D controls in the image or text space. As a result, these methods struggle to maintain and respect consistent three-dimensional geometric…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Léopold Maillard , Tom Durand , Adrien Ramanana Rahary , Maks Ovsjanikov

Controllers designed with reinforcement learning can be sensitive to model mismatch. We demonstrate that designing such controllers in a virtual simulation environment with an inaccurate model is not suitable for deployment in a physical…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-11 Nikki Xu , Hien Tran

As large language models have demonstrated impressive performance in many domains, recent works have adopted language models (LMs) as controllers of visual modules for vision-and-language tasks. While existing work focuses on equipping LMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Jaemin Cho , Abhay Zala , Mohit Bansal

While modern text-to-image (T2I) models excel at generating images from intricate prompts, they struggle to capture the key details when the inputs are descriptive paragraphs. This limitation stems from the prevalence of concise captions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jen-Yuan Huang , Tong Lin , Yilun Du

Uncertainty quantification in text-to-image (T2I) generative models is crucial for understanding model behavior and improving output reliability. In this paper, we are the first to quantify and evaluate the uncertainty of T2I models with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Gianni Franchi , Dat Nguyen Trong , Nacim Belkhir , Guoxuan Xia , Andrea Pilzer

Despite impressive recent advances in text-to-image diffusion models, obtaining high-quality images often requires prompt engineering by humans who have developed expertise in using them. In this work, we present NeuroPrompts, an adaptive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Shachar Rosenman , Vasudev Lal , Phillip Howard

While text-to-image (T2I) models can synthesize high-quality images, their performance degrades significantly when prompted with novel or out-of-distribution (OOD) entities due to inherent knowledge cutoffs. We introduce World-To-Image, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Moo Hyun Son , Jintaek Oh , Sun Bin Mun , Jaechul Roh , Sehyun Choi

Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) represents the latest incarnation of pre-trained vision-language models. Although CLIP has recently shown its superior power on a wide range of downstream vision-language tasks like Visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Sinuo Deng , Lifang Wu , Ge Shi , Lehao Xing , Meng Jian , Ye Xiang

Recent work has shown that inference-time reasoning and reflection can improve text-to-image generation without retraining. However, existing approaches often rely on implicit, holistic critiques or unconstrained prompt rewrites, making…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-22 V. Kovalev , A. Kuvshinov , A. Buzovkin , D. Pokidov , D. Timonin

Humans interpret complex visual stimuli using abstract concepts that facilitate decision-making tasks such as food selection and risk avoidance. Similarity judgment tasks are effective for exploring these concepts. However, methods for…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-07-23 Chen Wei , Jiachen Zou , Dietmar Heinke , Quanying Liu

Many image-to-image (I2I) translation problems are in nature of high diversity that a single input may have various counterparts. Prior works proposed the multi-modal network that can build a many-to-many mapping between two visual domains.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-07 Jialu Huang , Jing Liao , Tak Wu Sam Kwong

Contemporary Text-to-Image (T2I) models frequently depend on qualitative human evaluations to assess the consistency between synthesized images and the text prompts. There is a demand for quantitative and automatic evaluation tools, given…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Ziyuan Qin , Dongjie Cheng , Haoyu Wang , Huahui Yi , Yuting Shao , Zhiyuan Fan , Kang Li , Qicheng Lao

Text-to-Image (T2I) models have achieved remarkable success in generating visual content from text inputs. Although multiple safety alignment strategies have been proposed to prevent harmful outputs, they often lead to overly cautious…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Ziheng Cheng , Yixiao Huang , Hui Xu , Somayeh Sojoudi , Xuandong Zhao , Dawn Song , Song Mei

The recent large-scale generative modeling has attained unprecedented performance especially in producing high-fidelity images driven by text prompts. Text inversion (TI), alongside the text-to-image model backbones, is proposed as an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Jianan Yang , Haobo Wang , Yanming Zhang , Ruixuan Xiao , Sai Wu , Gang Chen , Junbo Zhao

Regional prompting, or compositional generation, which enables fine-grained spatial control, has gained increasing attention for its practicality in real-world applications. However, previous methods either introduce additional trainable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Zhennan Chen , Yajie Li , Haofan Wang , Zhibo Chen , Zhengkai Jiang , Jun Li , Qian Wang , Jian Yang , Ying Tai

The ability to accurately reconstruct the 3D facets of a scene is one of the key problems in robotic vision. However, even with recent advances with machine learning, there is no high-fidelity universal 3D reconstruction method for this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Bipul Islam , Ji Liu , Anthony Yezzi , Romeil Sandhu

We present LooseControl to allow generalized depth conditioning for diffusion-based image generation. ControlNet, the SOTA for depth-conditioned image generation, produces remarkable results but relies on having access to detailed depth…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Shariq Farooq Bhat , Niloy J. Mitra , Peter Wonka