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Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are cosmological explosions which carry valuable information from the distant past of the expanding universe. One of the greatest discoveries in modern cosmology is the finding of the accelerated expansion of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-06-15 Rupal Basak , A. R. Rao

Gamma-ray bursts (GRB) are sudden, intense flashes of gamma-rays which, for a few blinding seconds, light up in an otherwise fairly dark gamma-ray sky. They are detected at the rate of about once a day, and while they are on, they outshine…

Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-13 P. Meszaros

The 26 long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with known redshifts form a distinct cosmological set, selected differently than other cosmological probes such as quasars and galaxies. Since the progenitors are now believed to be connected…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 J. S. Bloom

As an interesting subclass of gamma-ray burst (GRB), Type IL GRB (such as GRB 211211A and GRB 230307A) features a long-duration prompt emission but originating from compact binary merger. The "long duration" emisison of Type IL GRB are…

The origin of Gamma-Ray Bursts is one of the most interesting puzzles in recent astronomy. During the last decade a consensus formed that long GRBs (LGRBs) arise from the collapse of massive stars and that short GRBs (SGRBs) have a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-05 Tsvi Piran , Omer Bromberg , Ehud Nakar , Re'em Sari

Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) have remained a puzzle for many high-energy astrophysicists since their discovery in 1967. With the advent of the X-ray satellites BeppoSAX and RossiXTE, it has been possible to carry out deep multi-wavelength…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Alberto J. Castro-Tirado

We present the discovery of two distinct classes in the Swift short duration gamma-ray bursts (S-GRBs) from the X-Ray Telescope (XRT) X-ray afterglow light curve. We find that about 40% of the Swift S-GRBs have an X-ray afterglow light…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2009-06-25 T. Sakamoto , N. Gehrels

Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs) are bright flashes of high energy photons that can last from about 10 milliseconds to 10 minutes. Their origin and nature have puzzled the scientific community for about 25 years until 1997, when the first X-ray…

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most energetic bursts of light in our universe, and rapid progenitor association of these events can lead to targeted and optimized follow-up observations, ultimately providing better insights about the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-19 Skye Strain , Nicoló Cibrario , Michela Negro , Eric Burns

We compute the luminosity function (LF) and the formation rate of long gamma ray bursts (GRBs) by fitting the observed differential peak flux distribution obtained by the BATSE experiment in two different scenarios: i) the GRB luminosity…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 R. Salvaterra , C. Guidorzi , S. Campana , G. Chincarini , G. Tagliaferri

The Fermi GBM Catalog has been recently published. Previous classification analyses of the BATSE, RHESSI, BeppoSAX, and Swift databases found three types of gamma-ray bursts. Now we analyzed the GBM catalog to classify the GRBs. PCA and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-03 I. Horvath , L. G. Balázs , J. Hakkila , Z. Bagoly , R. D. Preece

Two classes of gamma-ray bursts have been identified in the BATSE catalogs characterized by durations shorter and longer than about 2 seconds. There are, however, some indications for the existence of a third one. Swift satellite detectors…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 István Horváth , Lajos G. Balázs , Péter Veres

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are most intense transient gamma-ray events in the sky when they are on together with the strong evidences (i.e. the isotropic and inhomogeneous distribution of GRBs detected by BASTE) that they are located at…

Astrophysics · Physics 2017-11-01 K. S. Cheng , T. Lu

Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are the brightest sources in the universe, emit mostly in the hard X-ray energy band and have been detected at redshifts up to ~8.1. Thus, they are in principle very powerful probes for cosmology. I shortly review…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2009-08-11 L. Amati

Since the launch of the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope on June 11, 2008, 55 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have been observed at coordinates that fall within 66^\circ of the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) boresight with precise localizations…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-20 C. W. Akerlof , W. Zheng , S. B. Pandey , T. A. McKay

Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) fall into two classes: short-hard and long-soft bursts. The latter are now known to have X-ray and optical afterglows, to occur at cosmological distances in star-forming galaxies, and to be associated with the…

Over the past decade our physical understanding of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) has progressed rapidly thanks to the discovery and observation of their long-lived afterglow emission. Long-duration (T < 2 s) GRBs are associated with the explosive…

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) brighter than the GRB 221009A, the brightest yet observed, have previously been estimated to occur at a rate of 1 per 10,000 years, based on the extrapolation of the distribution of fluences of the Long GRB…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-07-24 Justin Finke , Soebur Razzaque

Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs) are the most powerful transients in the Universe, over-shining for a few seconds all other $\gamma$-ray sky sources. Their emission is produced within narrowly collimated relativistic jets launched after the…