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Language models have shown promise in various tasks but can be affected by undesired data during training, fine-tuning, or alignment. For example, if some unsafe conversations are wrongly annotated as safe ones, the model fine-tuned on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Zhaowei Zhu , Jialu Wang , Hao Cheng , Yang Liu

Human emotions are complex, with sarcasm being a subtle and distinctive form. Despite progress in sarcasm research, sarcasm generation remains underexplored, primarily due to the overreliance on textual modalities and the neglect of visual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Changli Wang , Rui Wu , Fang Yin

Valuable decisions and highly prioritized analysis now depend on applications such as facial biometrics, social media photo tagging, and human robots interactions. However, the ability to successfully deploy such applications is based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Martha Teiko Teye , Yaw Marfo Missah , Emmanuel Ahene , Twum Frimpong , Auxane Boch

Stance detection concerns the classification of a writer's viewpoint towards a target. There are different task variants, e.g., stance of a tweet vs. a full article, or stance with respect to a claim vs. an (implicit) topic. Moreover, task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Momchil Hardalov , Arnav Arora , Preslav Nakov , Isabelle Augenstein

We propose an unsupervised approach for sarcasm generation based on a non-sarcastic input sentence. Our method employs a retrieve-and-edit framework to instantiate two major characteristics of sarcasm: reversal of valence and semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-18 Tuhin Chakrabarty , Debanjan Ghosh , Smaranda Muresan , Nanyun Peng

Sarcasm is a complex form of figurative language in which the intended meaning contradicts the literal one. Its prevalence in social media and popular culture poses persistent challenges for natural language understanding, sentiment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Aaron Scott , Maike Züfle , Jan Niehues

Online social media users react to content in them based on context. Emotions or mood play a significant part of these reactions, which has filled these platforms with opinionated content. Different approaches and applications to make…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-18 Po Chen Kuo , Fernando H. Calderon Alvarado , Yi-Shin Chen

In this paper we present a benchmark dataset generated as part of a project for automatic identification of misogyny within online content, which focuses in particular on memes. The benchmark here described is composed of 800 memes…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Francesca Gasparini , Giulia Rizzi , Aurora Saibene , Elisabetta Fersini

As language models (LMs) become increasingly powerful and widely used, it is important to quantify them for sociodemographic bias with potential for harm. Prior measures of bias are sensitive to perturbations in the templates designed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Vipul Gupta , Pranav Narayanan Venkit , Hugo Laurençon , Shomir Wilson , Rebecca J. Passonneau

The discourse around conspiracy theories is currently thriving amidst the rampant misinformation in online environments. Research in this field has been focused on detecting conspiracy theories on social media, often relying on limited…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Margherita Gambini , Serena Tardelli , Maurizio Tesconi

Fine-tuning LLMs for classification typically maps inputs directly to labels. We ask whether attaching brief explanations to each label during fine-tuning yields better models. We evaluate conversational response quality along three axes:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Vivswan Shah , Randy Cogill , Hanwei Yue , Gopinath Chennupati , Rinat Khaziev

Understanding satire and humor is a challenging task for even current Vision-Language models. In this paper, we propose the challenging tasks of Satirical Image Detection (detecting whether an image is satirical), Understanding (generating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Abhilash Nandy , Yash Agarwal , Ashish Patwa , Millon Madhur Das , Aman Bansal , Ankit Raj , Pawan Goyal , Niloy Ganguly

Despite considerable progress in the development of machine-text detectors, it has been suggested that the problem is inherently hard, and therefore, that stakeholders should proceed under the assumption that machine-generated text cannot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Rafael Rivera Soto , Barry Chen , Nicholas Andrews

The use of Large Language Models (LLMs) has proven to be a tool that could help in the automatic detection of sexism. Previous studies have shown that these models contain biases that do not accurately reflect reality, especially for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Judith Tavarez-Rodríguez , Fernando Sánchez-Vega , A. Pastor López-Monroy

We present a novel data augmentation technique, CRA (Contextual Response Augmentation), which utilizes conversational context to generate meaningful samples for training. We also mitigate the issues regarding unbalanced context lengths by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-12 Hankyol Lee , Youngjae Yu , Gunhee Kim

Sarcasm understanding is a challenging problem in natural language processing, as it requires capturing the discrepancy between the surface meaning of an utterance and the speaker's intentions as well as the surrounding social context.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Keito Inoshita , Shinnosuke Mizuno

Sarcasm is a challenge to sentiment analysis because of the incongruity between stated and implied sentiment. The challenge is exacerbated when the implication may be relevant to a specific country or geographical region. Pragmatic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Ishmanbir Singh , Dipankar Srirag , Aditya Joshi

The detection of sensitive content in large datasets is crucial for ensuring that shared and analysed data is free from harmful material. However, current moderation tools, such as external APIs, suffer from limitations in customisation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Dimosthenis Antypas , Indira Sen , Carla Perez-Almendros , Jose Camacho-Collados , Francesco Barbieri

Humor is a broad and complex form of communication that remains challenging for machines. Despite its broadness, most existing research on computational humor traditionally focused on modeling a specific type of humor. In this work, we wish…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Mor Turgeman , Chen Shani , Dafna Shahaf

Multimodal learning is an emerging yet challenging research area. In this paper, we deal with multimodal sarcasm and humor detection from conversational videos and image-text pairs. Being a fleeting action, which is reflected across the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Shraman Pramanick , Aniket Roy , Vishal M. Patel