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The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a general purpose quantum algorithm designed for combinatorial optimization. We analyze its expected performance and prove concentration properties at any constant level (number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-19 Joao Basso , David Gamarnik , Song Mei , Leo Zhou

We introduce a notion of \emph{generic local algorithm} which strictly generalizes existing frameworks of local algorithms such as \emph{factors of i.i.d.} by capturing local \emph{quantum} algorithms such as the Quantum Approximate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-23 Chi-Ning Chou , Peter J. Love , Juspreet Singh Sandhu , Jonathan Shi

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm can naturally be applied to combinatorial search problems on graphs. The quantum circuit has p applications of a unitary operator that respects the locality of the graph. On a graph with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-21 Edward Farhi , David Gamarnik , Sam Gutmann

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) finds approximate solutions to combinatorial optimization problems. Its performance monotonically improves with its depth $p$. We apply the QAOA to MaxCut on large-girth $D$-regular…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-08 Joao Basso , Edward Farhi , Kunal Marwaha , Benjamin Villalonga , Leo Zhou

Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a quantum-classical hybrid algorithm proposed with the goal of approximately solving combinatorial optimization problems such as the MAX-CUT problem. It has been considered a potential…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-26 Eunok Bae , Hyukjoon Kwon , V Vijendran , Soojoon Lee

The ability of the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) to deliver a quantum advantage on combinatorial optimization problems is still unclear. Recently, a scaling advantage over a classical solver was postulated to exist for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-02 Thorge Müller , Ajainderpal Singh , Frank K. Wilhelm , Tim Bode

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a promising algorithm for solving combinatorial optimization problems (COPs), with performance governed by variational parameters $\{\gamma_i, \beta_i\}_{i=0}^{p-1}$. While most prior…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-07 J. A. Montanez-Barrera , Kristel Michielsen

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a method of approximately solving combinatorial optimization problems. While QAOA is developed to solve a broad class of combinatorial optimization problems, it is not clear which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-13 James Ostrowski , Rebekah Herrman , Travis S. Humble , George Siopsis

The $p$-stage Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA$_p$) is a promising approach for combinatorial optimization on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices, but its theoretical behavior is not well understood beyond $p=1$.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-21 Kunal Marwaha

Quantum algorithms for binary optimization problems have been the subject of extensive study. However, the application of quantum algorithms to integer optimization problems remains comparatively unexplored. In this paper, we study the…

In this work, we compare the performance of the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) with state-of-the-art classical solvers such as Gurobi and MQLib to solve the combinatorial optimization problem MaxCut on 3-regular graphs.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-01 Danylo Lykov , Jonathan Wurtz , Cody Poole , Mark Saffman , Tom Noel , Yuri Alexeev

Quantum computing promises solutions to classically difficult and new-found problems through controlling the subtleties of quantum computing. The Quantum Approximate Optimisation Algorithm (QAOA) is a recently proposed quantum algorithm…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-24 Nicholas J. Pritchard

Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a hybrid algorithm whose control parameters are classically optimized. In addition to the variational parameters, the right choice of hyperparameter is crucial for improving the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-30 Yu Pan , Yifan Tong , Yi Yang

We consider the maximum cut and maximum independent set problems on random regular graphs in the infinite-size limit, and calculate the energy densities achieved by QAOA for high degrees up to $d=100$. Such an analysis is possible because…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-22 Elisabeth Wybo , Martin Leib

One of the central goals of the DARPA Optimization with Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (ONISQ) program is to implement a hybrid quantum/classical optimization algorithm with high $N\cdot p$, where $N$ is the number of qubits and $p$ is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-23 Ruslan Shaydulin , Marco Pistoia

Quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) aims to solve discrete optimization problems by sampling bitstrings using a parameterized quantum circuit. The circuit parameters (angles) are optimized in the way that minimizes the cost…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-29 A. Yu. Chernyavskiy , B. I. Bantysh , Yu. I. Bogdanov

The quantum approximate optimisation algorithm (QAOA) is a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm used to approximately solve combinatorial optimisation problems. It involves multiple iterations of a parameterised ansatz comprising a problem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-16 V. Vijendran , Aritra Das , Dax Enshan Koh , Syed M. Assad , Ping Koy Lam

We study MaxCut on 3-regular graphs of minimum girth $g$ for various $g$'s. We obtain new lower bounds on the maximum cut achievable in such graphs by analyzing the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA). For $g \geq 16$, at…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 Edward Farhi , Sam Gutmann , Daniel Ranard , Benjamin Villalonga

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) has become a cornerstone of contemporary quantum applications development. Here we show that the \emph{density} of problem constraints versus problem variables acts as a performance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-31 V. Akshay , H. Philathong , I. Zacharov , J. Biamonte

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a variational method for noisy, intermediate-scale quantum computers to solve combinatorial optimization problems. Quantifying performance bounds with respect to specific problem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-30 Phillip C. Lotshaw , Travis S. Humble , Rebekah Herrman , James Ostrowski , George Siopsis
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