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Large Language Models (LLMs), such as GitHub Copilot and ChatGPT have become popular among programming students. Students use LLMs to assist them in programming courses, including generating source code. Previous work has evaluated the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Emir Catir , Robin Claesson , Rodothea Myrsini Tsoupidi

In this work, we developed an algorithm for detecting code quality issues in the templates of online programming tasks, validated it, and conducted an empirical study on the dataset of student solutions. The algorithm consists of analyzing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Anastasiia Birillo , Elizaveta Artser , Yaroslav Golubev , Maria Tigina , Hieke Keuning , Nikolay Vyahhi , Timofey Bryksin

Commonly, introductory programming courses in higher education institutions have hundreds of participating students eager to learn to program. The manual effort for reviewing the submitted source code and for providing feedback can no…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Gerhard Johann Hagerer , Laura Lahesoo , Miriam Anschütz , Stephan Krusche , Georg Groh

Searching for clues, gathering evidence, and reviewing case files are all techniques used by criminal investigators to draw sound conclusions and avoid wrongful convictions. Similarly, in software engineering (SE) research, we can develop…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Marvin Muñoz Barón , Marvin Wyrich , Daniel Graziotin , Stefan Wagner

Automated tests play an important role in software evolution because they can rapidly detect faults introduced during changes. In practice, code-coverage metrics are often used as criteria to evaluate the effectiveness of test suites with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-11-23 Rainer Niedermayr , Elmar Juergens , Stefan Wagner

Factors driving success and failure in CS1 are the subject of much study but less so for CS2. This paper investigates the transition from CS1 to CS2 in search of leading indicators of success in CS2. Both CS1 and CS2 at the University of…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-02-28 Lucas Layman , Yang Song , Curry Guinn

Proponents of software verification have argued that simpler code is easier to verify: that is, that verification tools issue fewer false positives and require less human intervention when analyzing simpler code. We empirically validate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Kobi Feldman , Martin Kellogg , Oscar Chaparro

As programmers write code, they often edit and retry multiple times, creating rich "interaction traces" that reveal how they approach coding tasks and provide clues about their level of skill development. For novice programmers in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Alexis Ross , Megha Srivastava , Jeremiah Blanchard , Jacob Andreas

Accurately predicting faulty software units helps practitioners target faulty units and prioritize their efforts to maintain software quality. Prior studies use machine-learning models to detect faulty software code. We revisit past studies…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-01-08 Libo Li , Stefan Lessmann , Bart Baesens

As the demand for programming skills grows across industries and academia, students often turn to Programming Online Judge (POJ) platforms for coding practice and competition. The difficulty level of each programming problem serves as an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Zhiyuan Wang , Wei Zhang , Jun Wang

Computer science's increased recognition as a prominent field of study has attracted students with diverse academic backgrounds. This has significantly increased the already high failure rates in introductory courses. To address this…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Eric Hics , Vinhthuy Phan , Kriangsiri Malasri

Teaching agile software development by pairing lectures with hands-on projects has become the norm. This approach poses the problem of grading and evaluating practical project work as well as process conformance during development. Yet, few…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Christoph Matthies , Thomas Kowark , Matthias Uflacker , Hasso Plattner

Decisions on which classes to refactor are fraught with difficulty. The problem of identifying candidate classes becomes acute when confronted with large systems comprising hundreds or thousands of classes. In this paper, we describe a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Richard Wheeldon , Steve Counsell

While teaching introductory programming courses for over a decade in reputed institutions we have experienced that several factors play significant role in developing problem solving skills and program development skills in students. There…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2015-06-30 Biswajit Saha , Utpal Kumar Ray

Measuring performance & quantifying a performance change are core evaluation techniques in programming language and systems research. Of 122 recent scientific papers, as many as 65 included experimental evaluation that quantified a…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-07-22 Tomas Kalibera , Richard Jones

With the development of MOOCs massive open online courses, increasingly more subjects can be studied online. Researchers currently show growing interest in the field of MOOCs, including dropout prediction, cheating detection and achievement…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Shaojie Qu , Kan Li , Zheyi Fan , Sisi Wu , Xinyi Liu , Zhiguo Huang

Motivation: Code understandability is crucial in software development, as developers spend 58% to 70% of their time reading source code. Improving it can improve productivity and reduce maintenance costs. Problem: Experimental studies often…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Delano Oliveira , Reydne Santos , Benedito de Oliveira , Martin Monperrus , Fernando Castor , Fernanda Madeiral

The quality of assessment determines the quality of learning, and is characterized by validity, reliability and difficulty. Mastery of learning is generally represented by the difficulty levels of assessment items. A very large number of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Shilpi Banerjee , N. J. Rao

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) focus on manifold subjects, ranging from social sciences over languages to technical skills, and use different means to train the respective skills. MOOCs that are teaching programming skills aim to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-09-24 Ralf Teusner , Thomas Hille , Christiane Hagedorn

Code LLMs are being rapidly deployed and there is evidence that they can make professional programmers more productive. Current benchmarks for code generation measure whether models generate correct programs given an expert prompt. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Hannah McLean Babe , Sydney Nguyen , Yangtian Zi , Arjun Guha , Molly Q Feldman , Carolyn Jane Anderson