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Powerful large language models (LLMs) from different providers have been expensively trained and finetuned to specialize across varying domains. In this work, we introduce a new kind of Conductor model trained with reinforcement learning to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Stefan Nielsen , Edoardo Cetin , Peter Schwendeman , Qi Sun , Jinglue Xu , Yujin Tang

Large Language Model (LLM) web agents often struggle with long-horizon web navigation and web task completion in new websites, producing inefficient action sequences unless fine-tuned on environment-specific data. We show that…

In-Context Learning (ICL) enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to perform new tasks by conditioning on prompts with relevant information. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances ICL by incorporating retrieved documents into the LLM's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Marie Al Ghossein , Emile Contal , Alexandre Robicquet

Large Language Model (LLM) agents show great promise for complex, multi-turn tool-use tasks, but their development is often hampered by the extreme scarcity of high-quality training data. Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) on synthetic data leads…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Siyuan Lu , Zechuan Wang , Hongxuan Zhang , Qintong Wu , Leilei Gan , Chenyi Zhuang , Jinjie Gu , Tao Lin

Training models to act as agents that can effectively navigate and perform actions in a complex environment, such as a web browser, has typically been challenging due to lack of training data. Large language models (LLMs) have recently…

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved strong performance in language-centric tasks. However, in agentic settings, LLMs often struggle to anticipate action consequences and adapt to environment dynamics, highlighting the need for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Xiao Yu , Baolin Peng , Ruize Xu , Yelong Shen , Pengcheng He , Suman Nath , Nikhil Singh , Jiangfeng Gao , Zhou Yu

Effective modeling of how human travelers learn and adjust their travel behavior from interacting with transportation systems is critical for system assessment and planning. However, this task is also difficult due to the complex cognition…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Tianming Liu , Jirong Yang , Yafeng Yin , Manzi Li , Linghao Wang , Zheng Zhu

While Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at reasoning on text and Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are highly effective for visual perception, applying those models for visual instruction-based planning remains a widely open problem. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Mohamed Salim Aissi , Clemence Grislain , Mohamed Chetouani , Olivier Sigaud , Laure Soulier , Nicolas Thome

Rapidly evolving cyberattacks demand incident response systems that can autonomously learn and adapt to changing threats. Prior work has extensively explored the reinforcement learning approach, which involves learning response strategies…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Yiran Gao , Kim Hammar , Tao Li

Recent advances in deep-research systems have demonstrated the potential for AI agents to autonomously discover and synthesize knowledge from external sources. In this paper, we introduce WebResearcher, a novel framework for building such…

We introduce WebSight, a vision-based autonomous web agent, designed to interact with web environments purely through visual perception, eliminating dependence on HTML or DOM-based inputs. Central to our approach we introduce our new model,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Tanvir Bhathal , Asanshay Gupta

An effective ranking model usually requires a large amount of training data to learn the relevance between documents and queries. User clicks are often used as training data since they can indicate relevance and are cheap to collect, but…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Xiaojie Sun , Lulu Yu , Yiting Wang , Keping Bi , Jiafeng Guo

Language model agents (LMA) recently emerged as a promising paradigm on muti-step decision making tasks, often outperforming humans and other reinforcement learning agents. Despite the promise, their performance on real-world applications…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Hiroki Furuta , Yutaka Matsuo , Aleksandra Faust , Izzeddin Gur

Lifelong learning is essential for intelligent agents operating in dynamic environments. Current large language model (LLM)-based agents, however, remain stateless and unable to accumulate or transfer knowledge over time. Existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Junhao Zheng , Xidi Cai , Qiuke Li , Duzhen Zhang , ZhongZhi Li , Yingying Zhang , Le Song , Qianli Ma

Capturing human learning behavior based on deep learning methods has become a major research focus in both psychology and intelligent systems. Recent approaches rely on controlled experiments or rule-based models to explore cognitive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Yu Yuan , Lili Zhao , Wei Chen , Guangting Zheng , Kai Zhang , Mengdi Zhang , Qi Liu

Reinforcement learning (RL) for web agents demands environments that are both effective for evaluation and efficient enough for large-scale on-policy training. Current web environments fall short: server-side Docker setups are too…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yuxuan Lu , Ziyi Wang , Jing Huang , Hui Liu , Jiri Gesi , Yan Han , Shihan Fu , Tianqi Zheng , Xianfeng Tang , Chen Luo , Yisi Sang , Jin Lai , Dakuo Wang

Transcending human cognitive limitations represents a critical frontier in LLM training. Proprietary agentic systems like DeepResearch have demonstrated superhuman capabilities on extremely complex information-seeking benchmarks such as…

Recent studies have shown that large language models (LLMs), when customized with post-training on tabular data, can acquire general tabular in-context learning (TabICL) capabilities. These models are able to transfer effectively across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Xumeng Wen , Shun Zheng , Zhen Xu , Yiming Sun , Jiang Bian

Transcending human cognitive limitations represents a critical frontier in LLM training. Proprietary agentic systems like DeepResearch have demonstrated superhuman capabilities on extremely complex information-seeking benchmarks such as…

The improvement of web agents on current benchmarks raises the question: Do today's agents perform just as well when the web changes? We introduce TimeWarp, a benchmark that emulates the evolving web using containerized environments that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Md Farhan Ishmam , Kenneth Marino