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The Transformer is a sequence model that forgoes traditional recurrent architectures in favor of a fully attention-based approach. Besides improving performance, an advantage of using attention is that it can also help to interpret a model…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-06-14 Jesse Vig

An attention matrix of a transformer self-attention sublayer can provably be decomposed into two components and only one of them (effective attention) contributes to the model output. This leads us to ask whether visualizing effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Kaiser Sun , Ana Marasović

Transformers have had tremendous impact for several sequence related tasks, largely due to their ability to retrieve from any part of the sequence via softmax based dot-product attention. This mechanism plays a crucial role in Transformer's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Sai Surya Duvvuri , Inderjit S. Dhillon

Multi-head self-attention is a distinctive feature extraction mechanism of vision transformers that computes pairwise relationships among all input patches, contributing significantly to their high performance. However, it is known to incur…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Yuki Igaue , Hiroaki Aizawa

Transformers were initially introduced for natural language processing (NLP) tasks, but fast they were adopted by most deep learning fields, including computer vision. They measure the relationships between pairs of input tokens (words in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Robin Courant , Maika Edberg , Nicolas Dufour , Vicky Kalogeiton

Vision transformers have emerged as a promising alternative to convolutional neural networks for various image analysis tasks, offering comparable or superior performance. However, one significant drawback of ViTs is their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Kaixin Xu , Zhe Wang , Chunyun Chen , Xue Geng , Jie Lin , Mohamed M. Sabry Aly , Xulei Yang , Min Wu , Xiaoli Li , Weisi Lin

Document-level Neural Machine Translation (DocNMT) has been proven crucial for handling discourse phenomena by introducing document-level context information. One of the most important directions is to input the whole document directly to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Zihan Liu , Zewei Sun , Shanbo Cheng , Shujian Huang , Mingxuan Wang

This work examines whether decoder-only Transformers such as LLaMA, which were originally designed for large language models (LLMs), can be adapted to the computer vision field. We first "LLaMAfy" a standard ViT step-by-step to align with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Jiahao Wang , Wenqi Shao , Mengzhao Chen , Chengyue Wu , Yong Liu , Taiqiang Wu , Kaipeng Zhang , Songyang Zhang , Kai Chen , Ping Luo

Multi-scale Vision Transformer (ViT) has emerged as a powerful backbone for computer vision tasks, while the self-attention computation in Transformer scales quadratically w.r.t. the input patch number. Thus, existing solutions commonly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Ting Yao , Yingwei Pan , Yehao Li , Chong-Wah Ngo , Tao Mei

In this paper, we propose EDIT (Encoder-Decoder Image Transformer), a novel architecture designed to mitigate the attention sink phenomenon observed in Vision Transformer models. Attention sink occurs when an excessive amount of attention…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Wenfeng Feng , Hongxiang Wang , Jianlong Wang , Xin Zhang , Jingjing Zhao , Yueyue Liang , Xiang Chen , Duokui Han

Transformer architectures based on the attention mechanism have revolutionized natural language processing (NLP), driving major breakthroughs across virtually every NLP task. However, their substantial memory and computational requirements…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Riccardo Bravin , Massimo Pavan , Hazem Hesham Yousef Shalby , Fabrizio Pittorino , Manuel Roveri

Transformer-based QA models use input-wide self-attention -- i.e. across both the question and the input passage -- at all layers, causing them to be slow and memory-intensive. It turns out that we can get by without input-wide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Qingqing Cao , Harsh Trivedi , Aruna Balasubramanian , Niranjan Balasubramanian

Improving the efficiency of Transformer-based language pre-training is an important task in NLP, especially for the self-attention module, which is computationally expensive. In this paper, we propose a simple but effective solution, called…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Chengxuan Ying , Guolin Ke , Di He , Tie-Yan Liu

We study the \emph{in-context learning} (ICL) ability of a \emph{Linear Transformer Block} (LTB) that combines a linear attention component and a linear multi-layer perceptron (MLP) component. For ICL of linear regression with a Gaussian…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-26 Ruiqi Zhang , Jingfeng Wu , Peter L. Bartlett

Recently, vision transformers have become very popular. However, deploying them in many applications is computationally expensive partly due to the Softmax layer in the attention block. We introduce a simple but effective, Softmax-free…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Soroush Abbasi Koohpayegani , Hamed Pirsiavash

In this paper, I introduce the retrieval problem, a simple yet common reasoning task that can be solved only by transformers with a minimum number of layers, which grows logarithmically with the input size. I empirically show that large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Tiberiu Musat

Pruning is a highly effective approach for compressing large language models (LLMs), significantly reducing inference latency. However, conventional training-free structured pruning methods often employ a heuristic metric that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Songtao Liu , Peng Liu

Video Large Language Models (Video LLMs) have achieved remarkable results in video understanding tasks. However, they often suffer from heavy computational overhead due to the large number of visual tokens generated from multiple video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Fengyuan Sun , Leqi Shen , Hui Chen , Sicheng Zhao , Jungong Han , Guiguang Ding

The key to a Transformer model is the self-attention mechanism, which allows the model to analyze an entire sequence in a computationally efficient manner. Recent work has suggested the possibility that general attention mechanisms used by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Thomas Dowdell , Hongyu Zhang

Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of Gated Linear Units (GLU) in enhancing transformer models, particularly in Large Language Models (LLMs). Additionally, utilizing a parallel configuration within each Transformer block…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Mahesh Ramesh , Aswinkumar Ramkumar