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Artificial intelligence functions not as an epistemic leveller, but as an accelerant of cognitive stratification, entrenching and formalising informational castes within liberal-democratic societies. Synthesising formal epistemology,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Craig S Wright

The singularity refers to an idea that once a machine having an artificial intelligence surpassing the human intelligence capacity is created, it will trigger explosive technological and intelligence growth. I propose to test the hypothesis…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-08-07 Pavel Kraikivski

Mechanistic interpretability (MI) aims to explain how neural networks work by uncovering their underlying mechanisms. As the field grows in influence, it is increasingly important to examine not just models themselves, but the assumptions,…

The deep neural nets of modern artificial intelligence (AI) have not achieved defining features of biological intelligence, including abstraction, causal learning, and energy-efficiency. While scaling to larger models has delivered…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2021-05-24 Joseph D. Monaco , Kanaka Rajan , Grace M. Hwang

I wrote this paper because technology can really improve people's lives. With it, we can live longer in a healthy body, save time through increased efficiency and automation, and make better decisions. To get to the next level, we need to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-24 Philip Paquette

Many fields view stochasticity as a way to gain computational efficiency, while often having to trade off accuracy. In this perspective article, we argue that stochasticity plays a fundamentally different role in machine learning (ML) and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Mert R. Sabuncu

Large language models perform well on many reasoning tasks, yet they often lack awareness of whether their current knowledge or reasoning state is complete. In non-interactive puzzle settings, the narrative is fixed and the underlying…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Fulong Fan , Peilin Liu , Fengzhe Liu , Shuyan Yang , Gang Yan

Life continuously changes its own components and states at each moment through interaction with the external world, while maintaining its own individuality in a cyclical manner. Such a property, known as "autonomy," has been formulated…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2023-05-25 Ryuzo Hirota , Hayato Saigo , Shigeru Taguchi

The nature of intelligence in both humans and machines is a longstanding question. While there is no universally accepted definition, the ability to reason causally is often regarded as a pivotal aspect of intelligence (Lake et al., 2017).…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Hanna Dettki

I think that the main reason why we do not understand the general principles of how knowledge works (and probably also the reason why we have not yet designed and built efficient machines capable of artificial intelligence), is not the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-04-21 Devis Pantano

This paper argues that explainability is only one facet of a broader ideal that shapes our expectations towards artificial intelligence (AI). Fundamentally, the issue is to what extent AI exhibits systematicity--not merely in being…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Matthieu Queloz

Information flow properties express the capability for an agent to infer information about secret behaviours of a partially observable system. In a language-theoretic setting, where the system behaviour is described by a language, we define…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-09-04 Béatrice Bérard , John Mullins

Mathematical reasoning---a core ability within human intelligence---presents some unique challenges as a domain: we do not come to understand and solve mathematical problems primarily on the back of experience and evidence, but on the basis…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-03 David Saxton , Edward Grefenstette , Felix Hill , Pushmeet Kohli

We propose a novel framework seamlessly providing key properties of both neural nets (learning) and symbolic logic (knowledge and reasoning). Every neuron has a meaning as a component of a formula in a weighted real-valued logic, yielding a…

The article analyses foundational principles relevant to the creation of artificial general intelligence (AGI). Intelligence is understood as the ability to create novel skills that allow to achieve goals under previously unknown…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Rolf Pfister

How can we enable machines to make sense of the world, and become better at learning? To approach this goal, I believe viewing intelligence in terms of many integral aspects, and also a universal two-term tradeoff between task performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Tailin Wu

Consciousness is notoriously hard to define with objective terms. An objective definition of consciousness is critically needed so that we might accurately understand how consciousness and resultant choice behaviour may arise in biological…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-06-05 Craig I. McKenzie

This paper introduces a fundamental result, which is relevant for Answer Set programming, and planning. For the first time since the definition of the stable model semantics, the class of logic programs for which a stable model exists is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Stefania Costantini

This chapter describes how the SP System, meaning the SP Theory of Intelligence, and its realisation as the SP Computer Model, may promote transparency and granularity in AI, and some other areas of application. The chapter describes how…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-11 J Gerard Wolff

A rational framework is proposed to explain how we accommodate unbounded sensory input within bounded memory. According to this framework, memory is stored as a statistic-like representation that is repeatedly summarized and compressed to…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-01-21 Alain de Cheveigné