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One of the problems frequently mentioned as a candidate for quantum advantage is that of selecting a portfolio of financial assets to maximize returns while minimizing risk. In this paper we formulate several real-world constraints for use…

Materials Science · Physics 2022-03-10 Salvatore Certo , Anh Dung Pham , Daniel Beaulieu

Quantum processing units (QPUs) executing annealing algorithms have shown promise in optimization and simulation applications. Hybrid algorithms are a natural bridge to additional applications of larger scale. We present a straightforward…

We present a numerical method for the minimization of constrained optimization problems where the objective is augmented with large quadratic penalties of inconsistent equality constraints. Such objectives arise from quadratic integral…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-08-16 Martin Neuenhofen , Eric Kerrigan

This paper focuses on stochastic optimal control problems with constraints in law, which are rewritten as optimization (minimization) of probability measures problem on the canonical space. We introduce a penalized version of this type of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-03-18 Thibaut Bourdais , Nadia Oudjane , Francesco Russo

Quantum optimization is emerging as a prominent candidate for exploiting the capabilities of near-term quantum devices. Many application-relevant optimization tasks require the inclusion of inequality constraints, usually handled by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-25 Alberto Bottarelli , Sebastian Schmitt , Philipp Hauke

A reinforcement algorithm solves a classical optimization problem by introducing a feedback to the system which slowly changes the energy landscape and converges the algorithm to an optimal solution in the configuration space. Here, we use…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2017-11-08 A. Ramezanpour

This paper introduces the use of tailored variational forms for variational quantum eigensolver that have properties of representing certain constraints on the search domain of a linear constrained quadratic binary optimization problem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-30 Miguel Paredes Quinones , Catarina Junqueira

Quantum annealing is a promising algorithm for solving combinatorial optimization problems. It searches for the ground state of the Ising model, which corresponds to the optimal solution of a given combinatorial optimization problem. The…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-25 Tomohiro Hattori , Shu Tanaka

The Minimum Bisection Problem is a well-known NP-hard problem in combinatorial optimization, with practical applications in areas such as parallel computing, network design, and machine learning. In this paper, we examine the potential of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-24 Renáta Rusnáková , Martin Chovanec , Juraj Gazda

Quantum annealing is a heuristic quantum optimization algorithm that can be used to solve combinatorial optimization problems. In recent years, advances in quantum technologies have enabled the development of small- and intermediate-scale…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-05 Sheir Yarkoni , Elena Raponi , Thomas Bäck , Sebastian Schmitt

While variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have demonstrated considerable success in unconstrained optimization, their application to constrained combinatorial problems face a trade-off. Penalty-based methods, despite their circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Hui-Min Li , Yuan-Liang Han , Zhi-Xi Wang , Shao-Ming Fei

Current quantum annealing experiments often suffer from restrictions in connectivity in the sense that only certain qubits can be coupled to each other. The most common strategy to overcome connectivity restrictions so far is by combining…

The recent availability of quantum annealers as cloud-based services has enabled new ways to handle machine learning problems, and several relevant algorithms have been adapted to run on these devices. In a recent work, linear regression…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-18 Costantino Carugno , Maurizio Ferrari Dacrema , Paolo Cremonesi

Several combinatorial optimization problems can be solved with NISQ devices once that a corresponding quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) form is derived. The aim of this work is to drastically reduce the variables needed for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-25 Dario De Santis , Salvatore Tirone , Stefano Marmi , Vittorio Giovannetti

Quantum annealing offers a novel approach to finding the optimal solutions for a variety of computational problems, where the quantum annealing controls influence the observed performance and error mechanisms by tuning the underlying…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-13 Erica Grant , Travis Humble , Benjamin Stump

Quantum annealing (QA) is a promising approach for solving combinatorial optimization problems; however, it is known to exhibit unfair sampling, in which degenerate ground states are not sampled with equal probability even for sufficiently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Shunta Ide , Shu Tanaka

Classical and quantum annealing are two heuristic optimization methods that search for an optimal solution by slowly decreasing thermal or quantum fluctuations. Optimizing annealing schedules is important both for performance and fair…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-02 Daniel Herr , Ethan Brown , Bettina Heim , Mario Könz , Guglielmo Mazzola , Matthias Troyer

To increase efficiency in automotive manufacturing, newly produced vehicles can move autonomously from the production line to the distribution area. This requires an optimal placement of sensors to ensure full coverage while minimizing the…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Nico Kraus , Marvin Erdmann , Alexander Kuzmany , Daniel Porawski , Jonas Stein

Critical decision-making issues in science, engineering, and industry are based on combinatorial optimization; however, its application is inherently limited by the NP-hard nature of the problem. A specialized paradigm of analogue quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-04 Rudraksh Sharma , Ravi Katukam , Arjun Nagulapally

The Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) model has gained prominence in recent years with the discovery that it unifies a rich variety of combinatorial optimization problems. By its association with the Ising problem in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-11-06 Fred Glover , Gary Kochenberger , Yu Du