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While recent years have witnessed the advancement in big data and Artificial Intelligence (AI), it is of much importance to safeguard data privacy and security. As an innovative approach, Federated Learning (FL) addresses these concerns by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Chunlu Chen , Ji Liu , Haowen Tan , Xingjian Li , Kevin I-Kai Wang , Peng Li , Kouichi Sakurai , Dejing Dou

Federated learning (FL) is a heavily promoted approach for training ML models on sensitive data, e.g., text typed by users on their smartphones. FL is expressly designed for training on data that are unbalanced and non-iid across the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-07 Tao Yu , Eugene Bagdasaryan , Vitaly Shmatikov

Federated learning (FL) has attracted growing interest for enabling privacy-preserving machine learning on data stored at multiple users while avoiding moving the data off-device. However, while data never leaves users' devices, privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-05 Ahmed Roushdy Elkordy , Jiang Zhang , Yahya H. Ezzeldin , Konstantinos Psounis , Salman Avestimehr

Federated learning (FL) is a technique that trains machine learning models from decentralized data sources. We study FL under local notions of privacy constraints, which provides strong protection against sensitive data disclosures via…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Yan Feng , Tao Xiong , Ruofan Wu , LingJuan Lv , Leilei Shi

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative training across multiple clients while preserving data privacy, yet it struggles with data heterogeneity, where clients' data are not distributed independently and identically (non-IID). This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Incheol Baek , Hyungbin Kim , Minseo Kim , Yon Dohn Chung

While federated learning (FL) promises to preserve privacy, recent works in the image and text domains have shown that training updates leak private client data. However, most high-stakes applications of FL (e.g., in healthcare and finance)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-10 Mark Vero , Mislav Balunović , Dimitar I. Dimitrov , Martin Vechev

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as an effective learning paradigm for distributed computation owing to its strong potential in capturing underlying data statistics while preserving data privacy. However, in cases of practical data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Achintha Wijesinghe , Songyang Zhang , Zhi Ding

While Federated Learning (FL) mitigates direct data exposure, the resulting trained models remain susceptible to membership inference attacks (MIAs). This paper presents an empirical evaluation of Differential Privacy (DP) as a defense…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Gustavo de Carvalho Bertoli

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative training of Deep Learning (DL) models where the data is retained locally. Like DL, FL has severe security weaknesses that the attackers can exploit, e.g., model inversion and backdoor attacks.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Gorka Abad , Servio Paguada , Oguzhan Ersoy , Stjepan Picek , Víctor Julio Ramírez-Durán , Aitor Urbieta

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed learning approach that trains machine learning models across multiple devices while keeping their local data private. However, FL often faces challenges due to data heterogeneity, leading to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Dun Zeng , Zheshun Wu , Shiyu Liu , Yu Pan , Xiaoying Tang , Zenglin Xu

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for fine-tuning foundation models using distributed data in a privacy-preserving manner. Under limited computational resources, clients often find it more practical to fine-tune a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Yuchang Sun , Yuexiang Xie , Bolin Ding , Yaliang Li , Jun Zhang

Federated learning (FL) naturally faces the problem of data heterogeneity in real-world scenarios, but this is often overlooked by studies on FL security and privacy. On the one hand, the effectiveness of backdoor attacks on FL may drop…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Haochen Mei , Gaolei Li , Jun Wu , Longfei Zheng

Federated learning (FL) is a privacy-preserving distributed management framework based on collaborative model training of distributed devices in edge networks. However, recent studies have shown that FL is vulnerable to adversarial examples…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Yu Qiao , Apurba Adhikary , Chaoning Zhang , Choong Seon Hong

Federated learning (FL) allows for collaborative model training across decentralized clients while preserving privacy by avoiding data sharing. However, current FL methods assume conditional independence between client models, limiting the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-28 Conor Hassan , Joshua J Bon , Elizaveta Semenova , Antonietta Mira , Kerrie Mengersen

Federated learning (FL) addresses data privacy concerns by enabling collaborative training of AI models across distributed data owners. Wide adoption of FL faces the fundamental challenges of data heterogeneity and the large scale of data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Yulan Gao , Zhaoxiang Hou , Chengyi Yang , Zengxiang Li , Han Yu

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a prospective solution for collaboratively learning a shared model across clients without sacrificing their data privacy. However, the federated learned model tends to be biased against certain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Syed Irfan Ali Meerza , Luyang Liu , Jiaxin Zhang , Jian Liu

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging technique for training machine learning models using geographically dispersed data collected by local entities. It includes local computation and synchronization steps. To reduce the communication…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-23 Pengchao Han , Shiqiang Wang , Kin K. Leung

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across distributed clients without sharing raw data, making it a promising approach for privacy-preserving machine learning in domains like Connected and Autonomous Vehicles…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Muhammad Ali Najjar , Ren-Yi Huang , Dumindu Samaraweera , Prashant Shekhar

Federated learning (FL) is a machine learning (ML) approach that allows the use of distributed data without compromising personal privacy. However, the heterogeneous distribution of data among clients in FL can make it difficult for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Thuy Dung Nguyen , Tuan Nguyen , Phi Le Nguyen , Hieu H. Pham , Khoa Doan , Kok-Seng Wong

Collaborative learning (CL) is a distributed learning framework that aims to protect user privacy by allowing users to jointly train a model by sharing their gradient updates only. However, gradient inversion attacks (GIAs), which recover…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Lulu Xue , Shengshan Hu , Ruizhi Zhao , Leo Yu Zhang , Shengqing Hu , Lichao Sun , Dezhong Yao