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Related papers: Reflected Search Poisoning for Illicit Promotion

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Cybercriminals have found in online social networks a propitious medium to spread spam and malicious content. Existing techniques for detecting spam include predicting the trustworthiness of accounts and analyzing the content of these…

The rapid growth in popularity and hype surrounding digital assets such as art, video, and music in the form of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) has made them a lucrative investment opportunity, with NFT-based sales surpassing $25B in 2021 alone.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Sayak Saha Roy , Dipanjan Das , Priyanka Bose , Christopher Kruegel , Giovanni Vigna , Shirin Nilizadeh

Sequential Recommenders, which exploit dynamic user intents through interaction sequences, is vulnerable to adversarial attacks. While existing attacks primarily rely on data poisoning, they require large-scale user access or fake profiles…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Jiajie Su , Zihan Nan , Yunshan Ma , Xiaobo Xia , Xiaohua Feng , Weiming Liu , Xiang Chen , Xiaolin Zheng , Chaochao Chen

Large language models (LLMs) are often fine-tuned on uncurated text datasets that adversaries can poison. Existing poisoning attacks primarily rely on fixed trigger phrases that defenses such as outlier detection, clean-data regularization,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Zedian Shao , Charles Fleming , Teodora Baluta

Digital commerce thrives on advertising, with many of the largest technology companies relying on it as a significant source of revenue. However, in the context of information-seeking behavior, such as search, advertising may degrade the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Jacob Erickson

Phishing is the number one threat in the world of internet. Phishing attacks are from decades and with each passing year it is becoming a major problem for internet users as attackers are coming with unique and creative ideas to breach the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Ayesha Arshad , Attique Ur Rehman , Sabeen Javaid , Tahir Muhammad Ali , Javed Anjum Sheikh , Muhammad Azeem

As LLMs are increasingly integrated into systems that browse, retrieve, summarize, and act on web content, webpages have become an untrusted input vector for downstream model behavior. This enables site owners, contributors, and adversaries…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Soheil Khodayari , Xuenan Zhang , Bhupendra Acharya , Giancarlo Pellegrino

Recommender systems play a crucial role in helping users to find their interested information in various web services such as Amazon, YouTube, and Google News. Various recommender systems, ranging from neighborhood-based,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-11 Hai Huang , Jiaming Mu , Neil Zhenqiang Gong , Qi Li , Bin Liu , Mingwei Xu

Large language model-powered sequential recommender systems (LLM-SRSs) have recently demonstrated remarkable performance, enabling recommendations through prompt-driven inference over user interaction sequences. However, this paradigm also…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yuchuan Zhao , Tong Chen , Junliang Yu , Zongwei Wang , Lizhen Cui , Hongzhi Yin

Recently, self-supervised learning (SSL) was shown to be vulnerable to patch-based data poisoning backdoor attacks. It was shown that an adversary can poison a small part of the unlabeled data so that when a victim trains an SSL model on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Ajinkya Tejankar , Maziar Sanjabi , Qifan Wang , Sinong Wang , Hamed Firooz , Hamed Pirsiavash , Liang Tan

Dense embedding-based text retrieval$\unicode{x2013}$retrieval of relevant passages from corpora via deep learning encodings$\unicode{x2013}$has emerged as a powerful method attaining state-of-the-art search results and popularizing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Matan Ben-Tov , Mahmood Sharif

As pairwise ranking becomes broadly employed for elections, sports competitions, recommendations, and so on, attackers have strong motivation and incentives to manipulate the ranking list. They could inject malicious comparisons into the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Ke Ma , Qianqian Xu , Jinshan Zeng , Xiaochun Cao , Qingming Huang

The emergence of Large Language Model-enhanced Search Engines (LLMSEs) has revolutionized information retrieval by integrating web-scale search capabilities with AI-powered summarization. While these systems demonstrate improved efficiency…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Pei Chen , Geng Hong , Xinyi Wu , Mengying Wu , Zixuan Zhu , Mingxuan Liu , Baojun Liu , Mi Zhang , Min Yang

Through the Internet of Things (IoT) the internet scope is established by the integration of physical things to classify themselves into mutual things. A physical thing can be created by this inventive perception to signify itself in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Mina Zaminkar , Reza Fotohi

In Android apps, their developers frequently place app promotion ads, namely advertisements to promote other apps. Unfortunately, the inadequate vetting of ad content allows malicious developers to exploit app promotion ads as a new…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Shang Ma , Chaoran Chen , Shao Yang , Shifu Hou , Toby Jia-Jun Li , Xusheng Xiao , Tao Xie , Yanfang Ye

As a prominent instance of vandalism edits, Wiki search poisoning for illicit promotion is a cybercrime in which the adversary aims at editing Wiki articles to promote illicit businesses through Wiki search results of relevant queries. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Zilong Lin , Zhengyi Li , Xiaojing Liao , XiaoFeng Wang , Xiaozhong Liu

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning has emerged as a powerful technique for enhancing large language models' capabilities by generating intermediate reasoning steps for complex tasks. A common practice for equipping LLMs with reasoning is to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Harsh Chaudhari , Ethan Rathbun , Hanna Foerster , Jamie Hayes , Matthew Jagielski , Milad Nasr , Ilia Shumailov , Alina Oprea

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates LLM hallucinations but introduces a critical vulnerability: corpus integrity. We present SilentRetrieval, a two-stage data poisoning attack that hijacks RAG systems through adversarially…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jiachen Qian

Due to the growing privacy concerns, decentralization emerges rapidly in personalized services, especially recommendation. Also, recent studies have shown that centralized models are vulnerable to poisoning attacks, compromising their…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Shijie Zhang , Hongzhi Yin , Tong Chen , Zi Huang , Quoc Viet Hung Nguyen , Lizhen Cui

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by retrieving relevant documents from external sources to improve factual accuracy and verifiability. However, this reliance introduces new attack surfaces within…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Saket S. Chaturvedi , Gaurav Bagwe , Lan Zhang , Xiaoyong Yuan