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The landscape of causal relations that can hold among a set of systems in quantum theory is richer than in classical physics. In particular, a pair of time-ordered systems can be related as cause and effect or as the effects of a common…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-20 Katja Ried , Jean-Philippe W. MacLean , Robert W. Spekkens , Kevin J. Resch

We develop an extension of the process matrix (PM) framework for correlations between quantum operations with no causal order that allows multiple rounds of information exchange for each party compatibly with the assumption of well-defined…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-27 Timothée Hoffreumon , Ognyan Oreshkov

We show within the framework of relativistic quantum tasks that the doability of any task is fully determined by a small subset of its parameters that we call its "coarse causal structure", as well as the distributed computation it aims to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-25 Kfir Dolev

We develop a new formalism for constructing probabilities associated to the causal ordering of events in quantum theory, where by an event we mean the emergence of a measurement record on a detector. We start with constructing probabilities…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-17 Charis Anastopoulos , Maria_Electra Plakitsi

We discuss the origin of causal set structure and the emergence of classical space and time in the universe. Given that the universe is a closed self-referential quantum automaton with a quantum register consisting of a vast number of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Jon Eakins , George Jaroszkiewicz

In fundamental theories that accounts for quantum gravitational effects, the spacetime causal structure is expected to be quantum uncertain. Previous studies of quantum causal structure focused on finite-dimensional systems. Here we present…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-18 Ding Jia

In standard quantum theory, the causal relations between operations are fixed. One can relax this notion by allowing for dynamical arrangements, where operations may influence the causal relations of future operations, as certified by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-23 Veronika Baumann , Ämin Baumeler , Eleftherios-Ermis Tselentis

The development of quantum algorithms and protocols calls for adequate modelling and verification techniques, which requires abstracting and focusing on the basic features of quantum concurrent systems, like CCS and CSP have done for their…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Lorenzo Ceragioli , Fabio Gadducci , Giuseppe Lomurno , Gabriele Tedeschi

Quantum combs are powerful conceptual tools for capturing multi-time processes in quantum information theory, constituting the most general quantum mechanical process. But, despite their causal nature, they lack a meaningful physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-07 Clara Wassner , Jonáš Fuksa , Jens Eisert , Gregory A. L. White

Distributed quantum protocols rely on classical feedforward information to process measurement outcomes, but heterogeneous hardware and uncertain local timing can make the causal order of measurements ambiguous when inferred solely from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Jakob Kaltoft Søndergaard , René Bødker Christensen , Petar Popovski

We derive the category-theoretic backbone of quantum theory from a process ontology. More specifically, we treat quantum theory as a theory of systems, processes and their interactions. In this first part of a three-part overview, we first…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-30 Bob Coecke , Aleks Kissinger

Characterising causal structure is an activity that is ubiquitous across the sciences. Causal models are representational devices that can be used as oracles for future interventions, to predict how values of some variables will change in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-11 G. J. Milburn , Sally Shrapnel

The class of problems in causal inference which seeks to isolate causal correlations solely from observational data even without interventions has come to the forefront of machine learning, neuroscience and social sciences. As new large…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-01-02 Mohammad Ali Javidian , Vaneet Aggarwal , Fanglin Bao , Zubin Jacob

Quantum information processing exploits all the features quantum mechanics offers. Among them there is the possibility to induce nonlinear maps on a quantum system by involving two or more identical copies of the given system in the same…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-05 Martin Malachov , Igor Jex , Orsolya Kálmán , Tamás Kiss

Causal fermion systems are introduced as a general mathematical framework for formulating relativistic quantum theory. By specializing, we recover earlier notions like fermion systems in discrete space-time, the fermionic projector and…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2014-06-17 Felix Finster , Andreas Grotz , Daniela Schiefeneder

Quantum information scrambling (QIS) describes the rapid spread of initially localized information across an entire quantum many-body system through entanglement generation. Once scrambled, the original local information becomes encoded…

Many insights into the quantum world can be found by studying it from amongst more general operational theories of physics. In this thesis, we develop an approach to the study of such theories purely in terms of the behaviour of their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-04 Sean Tull

Non-Markovian quantum processes exhibit different memory effects when measured in different ways; an unambiguous characterization of memory length requires accounting for the sequence of instruments applied to probe the system dynamics.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-11 Philip Taranto , Simon Milz , Felix A. Pollock , Kavan Modi

The constraints arising for a general set of causal relations, both classically and quantumly, are still poorly understood. As a step in exploring this question, we consider a coherently controlled superposition of "direct-cause" and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-11 Adrien Feix , Časlav Brukner

We examine the emergence of dynamical memory effects in quantum processes having indefinite time direction and causal order. In particular, we focus on the class of phase-covariant qubit channels, which encompasses some of the most…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-23 Göktuğ Karpat , Barış Çakmak