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Safety assurance of automated driving systems must consider uncertain environment perception. This paper reviews literature addressing how perception testing is realized as part of safety assurance. We focus on testing for verification and…

Automated driving has become a major topic of interest not only in the active research community but also in mainstream media reports. Visual perception of such intelligent vehicles has experienced large progress in the last decade thanks…

This paper investigates runtime monitoring of perception systems. Perception is a critical component of high-integrity applications of robotics and autonomous systems, such as self-driving cars. In these applications, failure of perception…

While the most visible part of the safety verification process of automated vehicles concerns the planning and control system, it is often overlooked that safety of the latter crucially depends on the fault-tolerance of the preceding…

The recent surge in interest in autonomous driving stems from its rapidly developing capacity to enhance safety, efficiency, and convenience. A pivotal aspect of autonomous driving technology is its perceptual systems, where core algorithms…

In autonomous driving, perception systems are piv otal as they interpret sensory data to understand the envi ronment, which is essential for decision-making and planning. Ensuring the safety of these perception systems is fundamental for…

Sensing and Perception (S&P) is a crucial component of an autonomous system (such as a robot), especially when deployed in highly dynamic environments where it is required to react to unexpected situations. This is particularly true in case…

Handling large amounts of data has become a key for developing automated driving systems. Especially for developing highly automated driving functions, working with images has become increasingly challenging due to the sheer size of the…

The autonomous car technology promises to replace human drivers with safer driving systems. But although autonomous cars can become safer than human drivers this is a long process that is going to be refined over time. Before these vehicles…

The viability of automated driving is heavily dependent on the performance of perception systems to provide real-time accurate and reliable information for robust decision-making and maneuvers. These systems must perform reliably not only…

Traffic light perception is an essential component of the camera-based perception system for autonomous vehicles, enabling accurate detection and interpretation of traffic lights to ensure safe navigation through complex urban environments.…

Autonomous Systems (AS) are increasingly proposed, or used, in Safety Critical (SC) applications. Many such systems make use of sophisticated sensor suites and processing to provide scene understanding which informs the AS' decision-making.…

The object perception of automated driving systems must pass quality and robustness tests before a safe deployment. Such tests typically identify true positive (TP), false-positive (FP), and false-negative (FN) detections and aggregate them…

Motivated by vision-based control of autonomous vehicles, we consider the problem of controlling a known linear dynamical system for which partial state information, such as vehicle position, is extracted from complex and nonlinear data,…

One of the main paths towards the reduction of traffic accidents is the increase in vehicle safety through driver assistance systems or even systems with a complete level of autonomy. In these types of systems, tasks such as obstacle…

Autonomous vehicles rely on their perception systems to acquire information about their immediate surroundings. It is necessary to detect the presence of other vehicles, pedestrians and other relevant entities. Safety concerns and the need…

Autonomous vehicles rely on perception systems to understand their surroundings for further navigation missions. Cameras are essential for perception systems due to the advantages of object detection and recognition provided by modern…

We present a novel method for testing the safety of self-driving vehicles in simulation. We propose an alternative to sensor simulation, as sensor simulation is expensive and has large domain gaps. Instead, we directly simulate the outputs…

Testing is essential for verifying and validating control designs, especially in safety-critical applications. In particular, the control system governing an automated driving vehicle must be proven reliable enough for its acceptance on the…

To ensure safe operation of autonomous vehicles in complex urban environments, complete perception of the environment is necessary. However, due to environmental conditions, sensor limitations, and occlusions, this is not always possible…