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Cellular automata (CA) have been utilized for decades as discrete models of many physical, mathematical, chemical, biological, and computing systems. The most widely known form of CA, the elementary cellular automaton (ECA), has been…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2013-10-15 Lucas Kang

Higher-order cellular automata (HOCA) are a variant of cellular automata (CA) used in many applications (ranging, for instance, from the design of secret sharing schemes to data compression and image processing), and in which the global…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-02-25 Alberto Dennunzio , Enrico Formenti , Luca Manzoni , Luciano Margara , Antonio E. Porreca

We show techniques of analyzing complex dynamics of cellular automata (CA) with chaotic behaviour. CA are well known computational substrates for studying emergent collective behaviour, complexity, randomness and interaction between order…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2012-03-29 Genaro J. Martinez , Andrew Adamatzky , Ramon Alonso-Sanz

We present results from an experiment similar to one performed by Packard (1988), in which a genetic algorithm is used to evolve cellular automata (CA) to perform a particular computational task. Packard examined the frequency of evolved CA…

adap-org · Physics 2008-02-03 Melanie Mitchell , Peter Hraber , James P. Crutchfield

We study the predictability of emergent phenomena in complex systems. Using nearest neighbor, one-dimensional Cellular Automata (CA) as an example, we show how to construct local coarse-grained descriptions of CA in all classes of Wolfram's…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2015-06-26 Navot Israeli , Nigel Goldenfeld

The theory of cellular automata in operational probabilistic theories is developed. We start introducing the composition of infinitely many elementary systems, and then use this notion to define update rules for such infinite composite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-09 Paolo Perinotti

Neural cellular automata (Neural CA) are a recent framework used to model biological phenomena emerging from multicellular organisms. In these systems, artificial neural networks are used as update rules for cellular automata. Neural CA are…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Alexandre Variengien , Stefano Nichele , Tom Glover , Sidney Pontes-Filho

Wolfram has provided a qualitative classification of cellular automata(CA) rules according to which, there exits a class of CA rules (called Class 4) which exhibit complex pattern formation and long-lived dynamical activity (long…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-06-25 Avinash Dhar , Porus Lakdawala , Gautam Mandal , Spenta R. Wadia

Stephen Wolfram proclaimed in his 2003 seminal work "A New Kind Of Science" that simple recursive programs in the form of Cellular Automata (CA) are a promising approach to replace currently used mathematical formalizations, e.g.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Martin Spitznagel , Janis Keuper

Cellular Automata (CA) theory is a discrete model that represents the state of each of its cells from a finite set of possible values which evolve in time according to a pre-defined set of transition rules. CA have been applied to a number…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-05-22 Karttikeya Mangalam , K S Venkatesh

We investigate the ability of a genetic algorithm to design cellular automata that perform computations. The computational strategies of the resulting cellular automata can be understood using a framework in which ``particles'' embedded in…

adap-org · Physics 2015-06-30 James P. Crutchfield , Melanie Mitchell , Rajarshi Das

The main idea of canonical correlation analysis (CCA) is to map different views onto a common latent space with maximum correlation. We propose a deep interpretable variational canonical correlation analysis (DICCA) for multi-view learning.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-03 Lin Qiu , Lynn Lin , Vernon M. Chinchilli

Reasoning is a core capability of large language models, yet how multi-step reasoning is learned and executed remains unclear. We study this question in a controlled cellular-automata (1dCA) framework that excludes memorisation by using…

Cellular automata and their differentiable counterparts, Neural Cellular Automata (NCA), are highly expressive and capable of surprisingly complex behaviors. This paper explores how NCAs perform when applied to tasks requiring precise…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Kevin Xu , Risto Miikkulainen

Cellular automata (CA) captivate researchers due to teh emergent, complex individualized behavior that simple global rules of interaction enact. Recent advances in the field have combined CA with convolutional neural networks to achieve…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-01-04 Marlene Grieskamp , Chaytan Inman , Shaun Lee

Global dynamics of a non-linear Cellular Automata is, in general irregular, asymmetric and unpredictable as opposed to that of a linear CA, which is highly systematic and tractable. In the past efforts have been made to systematize…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2008-08-13 Sudhakar Sahoo , Pabitra Pal Choudhury , Mithun Chakraborty

Neural cellular automata represent an evolution of the traditional cellular automata model, enhanced by the integration of a deep learning-based transition function. This shift from a manual to a data-driven approach significantly increases…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-26 Andrea Menta , Alberto Archetti , Matteo Matteucci

We investigate critical properties of a class of number-conserving cellular automata (CA) which can be interpreted as deterministic models of traffic flow with anticipatory driving. These rules are among the only known CA rules for which…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2023-12-18 Henryk Fuks

Cellular automata have been useful artificial models for exploring how relatively simple rules combined with spatial memory can give rise to complex emergent patterns. Moreover, studying the dynamics of how rules emerge under artificial…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2014-07-11 Theodore P. Pavlic , Alyssa M. Adams , Paul C. W. Davies , Sara Imari Walker

A digit function is presented which provides the $i$th-digit in base $p$ of any real number $x$. By means of this function, formulated within $\mathcal{B}$-calculus, the local, nonlocal and global dynamical behaviors of cellular automata…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-02-04 Vladimir Garcia-Morales