Related papers: Generalized measure Black-Scholes equation: Toward…
The main purpose of this article is to give a general overview and understanding of the first widely used option-pricing model, the Black-Scholes model. The history and context are presented, with the usefulness and implications in the…
A new mathematical model for the Black-Scholes equation is proposed to forecast option prices. This model includes new interval for the price of the underlying stock as well as new initial and boundary conditions. Conventional notions of…
We derive new formulas for the price of the European call and put options in the Black-Scholes model, under the form of uniformly convergent series generalizing previously known approximations. We also provide precise boundaries for the…
We derive the Black-Scholes-Merton dual equation, which has exactly the same form as the Black-Scholes-Merton equation. The novel and general equation works for options with a payoff of homogeneous of degree one, including European,…
Option contracts can be valued by using the Black-Scholes equation, a partial differential equation with initial conditions. An exact solution for European style options is known. The computation time and the error need to be minimized…
The Black-Scholes model (sometimes known as the Black-Scholes-Merton model) gives a theoretical estimate for the price of European options. The price evolution under this model is described by the Black-Scholes formula, one of the most…
The complete group classification of a generalization of the Black-Scholes-Merton model is carried out by making use of the underlying equivalence and additional equivalence transformations. For each non linear case obtained through this…
Black-Scholes implied volatility is a quantile. The insight follows from the normalized option price being a probability on the variance scale, with the inverse Gaussian distribution providing the link. It enables analytically exact and…
In this note, Black--Scholes implied volatility is expressed in terms of various optimisation problems. From these representations, upper and lower bounds are derived which hold uniformly across moneyness and call price. Various symmetries…
In common finance literature, Black-Scholes partial differential equation of option pricing is usually derived with no-arbitrage principle. Considering an asset market, Merton applied the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman techniques of his…
It is well-known that the Black-Scholes formula has been derived under the assumption of constant volatility in stocks. In spite of evidence that this parameter is not constant, this formula is widely used by financial markets. This paper…
Option contracts can be valued by using the Black-Scholes equation, a partial differential equation with initial conditions. An exact solution for European style options is known. The computation time and the error need to be minimized…
Black-Scholes (BS) is the standard mathematical model for option pricing in financial markets. Option prices are calculated using an analytical formula whose main inputs are strike (at which price to exercise) and volatility. The BS…
Based on the analog between the stochastic dynamics and quantum harmonic oscillator, we propose a market force driving model to generalize the Black-Scholes model in finance market. We give new schemes of option pricing, in which we can…
Options are financial instruments that depend on the underlying stock. We explain their non-Gaussian fluctuations using the nonextensive thermodynamics parameter $q$. A generalized form of the Black-Scholes (B-S) partial differential…
In this paper we investigate a nonlinear generalization of the Black-Scholes equation for pricing American style call options in which the volatility term may depend on the underlying asset price and the Gamma of the option. We propose a…
We investigate qualitative and quantitative behavior of a solution of the mathematical model for pricing American style of perpetual put options. We assume the option price is a solution to the stationary generalized Black-Scholes equation…
Option pricing formulas are derived from a non-Gaussian model of stock returns. Fluctuations are assumed to evolve according to a nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation which maximizes the Tsallis nonextensive entropy of index $q$. A generalized…
The standard Black-Scholes theory of option pricing is extended to cope with underlying return fluctuations described by general probability distributions. A Langevin process and its related Fokker-Planck equation are devised to model the…
A master equation approach to the numerical solution of option pricing models is developed. The basic idea of the approach is to consider the Black--Scholes equation as the macroscopic equation of an underlying mesoscopic stochastic option…