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Source localization plays a key role in many applications including radar, wireless and underwater communications. Among various localization methods, the most popular ones are Time-Of-Arrival (TOA), Time-Difference-Of-Arrival (TDOA), and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-07 Nitesh Sahu , Linlong Wu , Prabhu Babu , Bhavani Shankar M. R. , Björn Ottersten

Radio-based localization systems conventionally require stationary reference points (e.g. anchors) with precisely surveyed positions, making deployment time-consuming and costly. This paper presents an empirical evaluation of collaborative…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-21 Paul Schwarzbach , Andrea Jung

Accurate and low-power indoor localization is becoming more and more of a necessity to empower novel consumer and industrial applications. In this field, the most promising technology is based on UWB modulation; however, current UWB…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-22 Tobias Margiani , Silvano Cortesi , Milena Keller , Christian Vogt , Tommaso Polonelli , Michele Magno

Radio-based methods such as Ultra-Wideband (UWB) and RAdio Detection And Ranging (radar), which have traditionally seen limited adoption in robotics, are experiencing a boost in popularity thanks to their robustness to harsh environmental…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Andrés Martínez-Silva , David Alejo , Luis Merino , Fernando Caballero

In multi-robot systems, relative localization between platforms plays a crucial role in many tasks, such as leader following, target tracking, or cooperative maneuvering. State of the Art (SotA) approaches either rely on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Valerio Brunacci , Alberto Dionigi , Alessio De Angelis , Gabriele Costante

In Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-denied environments, terrestrial signals of opportunity (SoOP) offer an alternative for positioning, but synchronization impairments such as clock offsets, drift, and multipath limit performance.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-27 Mustafa Furkan Beker , Abdullah Tan , Khaled Walid Elgammal , Mehmet Kemal Ozdemir

Localizing targets outside the anchors' convex hull is an understudied but prevalent scenario in vehicle-centric, UAV-based, and self-localization applications. Considering such scenarios, this paper studies the optimal anchor placement…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Raghunandan M. Rao , Don-Roberts Emenonye

Ultra-Wideband (UWB) systems are becoming increasingly popular for indoor localization, where range measurements are obtained by measuring the time-of-flight of radio signals. However, the range measurements typically suffer from a…

Next big commercial applications of drones require to fly the drone beyond the visual line of sight (BVLOS). This inevitable ability to fly BVLOS will also necessitate the ability to keep track of the drone's location, in order to ensure…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-05-08 Priyanka Sinha , Yavuz Yapici , Ismail Guvenc

Relative pose estimation is the foundational requirement for multi-robot system, while it is a challenging research topic in infrastructure-free scenes. In this study, we analyze the relative 6-DOF pose estimation error of multi-robot…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Xinran Li , Shuaikang Zheng , Pengcheng Zheng , Haifeng Zhang , Zhitian Li , Xudong Zou

While UWB-based methods can achieve high localization accuracy in small-scale areas, their accuracy and reliability are significantly challenged in large-scale environments. In this paper, we propose a learning-based framework named ULOC…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Thien-Minh Nguyen , Yizhuo Yang , Tien-Dat Nguyen , Shenghai Yuan , Lihua Xie

We present a tracking system for relative positioning that can operate on entirely moving tracking nodes without the need for stationary anchors. Each node embeds a 9-DOF magnetic and inertial measurement unit and a single-antenna…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Rayan Armani , Christian Holz

In a time-division broadcast positioning system (TDBPS), localizing mobile targets using classical time difference of arrival (TDOA) methods poses significant challenges. Concurrent TDOA measurements are infeasible because targets receive…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-11 Chenxin Tu , Xiaowei Cui , Gang Liu , Sihao Zhao , Mingquan Lu

This paper investigates unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) localization using time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurements under mixed line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions. A 3D TDOA Cram\'er-Rao lower bound (CRLB) model…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-17 Cole Dickerson , Saad Masrur , Jonah Dickerson , Özgür Özdemir , Ismail Güvenç

Among current anchor-based detectors, a positive anchor box will be intuitively assigned to the object that overlaps it the most. The assigned label to each anchor will directly determine the optimization direction of the corresponding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Li Xiang , He Miao , Luo Haibo , Yang Huiyuan , Xiao Jiajie

This paper presents the development of a system able to estimate the 2D relative position of nodes in a wireless network, based on distance measurements between the nodes. The system uses ultra wide band ranging technology and the Bluetooth…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-12-14 Valerio Brunacci , Alessio De Angelis , Gabriele Costante

In two-way time-of-arrival (TOA) systems, a user device (UD) obtains its position and timing information by round-trip communications to a number of anchor nodes (ANs) at known locations. Compared with the one-way TOA technique, the two-way…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-09 Sihao Zhao , Xiao-Ping Zhang , Xiaowei Cui , Mingquan Lu

Accurate localization is essential for a wide range of applications, including asset tracking, smart agriculture, and animal monitoring. While traditional localization methods, such as Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Wi-Fi, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Victor Luder , Lukas Schulthess , Silvano Cortesi , Leyla Rivero Davis , Michele Magno

Most state-of-the-art object detection systems follow an anchor-based diagram. Anchor boxes are densely proposed over the images and the network is trained to predict the boxes position offset as well as the classification confidence.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Wenshuo Ma , Tingzhong Tian , Hang Xu , Yimin Huang , Zhenguo Li

Localization of objects is vital for robot-object interaction. Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) application in robotics is an emerging and widely used object localization technique due to its accurate distance measurement, long-range,…