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Large language models (LLMs) often suffer from catastrophic forgetting in continual learning: after learning new tasks sequentially, they perform worse on earlier tasks. Existing methods mitigate catastrophic forgetting by data replay,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Yazheng Liu , Yuxuan Wan , Rui Xu , Xi Zhang , Sihong Xie , Hui Xiong

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) struggle with continual learning, often suffering from catastrophic forgetting when adapting to sequential tasks. We introduce a routing-based architecture that integrates new capabilities while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Jay Mohta , Kenan Emir Ak , Gwang Lee , Dimitrios Dimitriadis , Yan Xu , Mingwei Shen

Continual learning (CL) enables deep neural networks to adapt to ever-changing data distributions. In practice, there may be scenarios where annotation is costly, leading to active continual learning (ACL), which performs active learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Jaehyun Park , Dongmin Park , Jae-Gil Lee

This paper studies class incremental learning (CIL) of continual learning (CL). Many approaches have been proposed to deal with catastrophic forgetting (CF) in CIL. Most methods incrementally construct a single classifier for all classes of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Gyuhak Kim , Zixuan Ke , Bing Liu

Balancing sensitivity to new tasks and stability for retaining past knowledge is crucial in continual learning (CL). Recently, sharpness-aware minimization has proven effective in transfer learning and has also been adopted in continual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Wei Li , Hangjie Yuan , Zixiang Zhao , Yifan Zhu , Aojun Lu , Tao Feng , Yanan Sun

Continual Machine Reading Comprehension aims to incrementally learn from a continuous data stream across time without access the previous seen data, which is crucial for the development of real-world MRC systems. However, it is a great…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-11 Zhijing Wu , Hua Xu , Jingliang Fang , Kai Gao

Recent successes in image analysis with deep neural networks are achieved almost exclusively with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), typically trained using the backpropagation (BP) algorithm. In a 2022 preprint, Geoffrey Hinton proposed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Riccardo Scodellaro , Ajinkya Kulkarni , Frauke Alves , Matthias Schröter

LSTMs promise much to financial time-series analysis, temporal and cross-sectional inference, but we find that they do not deliver in a real-world financial management task. We examine an alternative called Continual Learning (CL), a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-11 Daniel Philps , Artur d'Avila Garcez , Tillman Weyde

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP), particularly in Natural Language Understanding (NLU) tasks. As we progress toward an agentic world where LLM-based agents autonomously handle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Naimul Haque

The ability to sequentially learn multiple tasks without forgetting is a key skill of biological brains, whereas it represents a major challenge to the field of deep learning. To avoid catastrophic forgetting, various continual learning…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Francesco Lässig , Pau Vilimelis Aceituno , Martino Sorbaro , Benjamin F. Grewe

One of the objectives of continual learning is to prevent catastrophic forgetting in learning multiple tasks sequentially, and the existing solutions have been driven by the conceptualization of the plasticity-stability dilemma. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Seungyub Han , Yeongmo Kim , Taehyun Cho , Jungwoo Lee

Catastrophic forgetting (CF) poses a persistent challenge in continual learning (CL), especially within federated learning (FL) environments characterized by non-i.i.d. time series data. While existing research has largely focused on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Khaled Hallak , Oudom Kem

Multi-Task Learning (MTL) is widely-accepted in Natural Language Processing as a standard technique for learning multiple related tasks in one model. Training an MTL model requires having the training data for all tasks available at the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Sudipta Kar , Giuseppe Castellucci , Simone Filice , Shervin Malmasi , Oleg Rokhlenko

Continual learning (CL) aims to constantly learn new knowledge over time while avoiding catastrophic forgetting on old tasks. We focus on continual text classification under the class-incremental setting. Recent CL studies have identified…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Yifan Song , Peiyi Wang , Weimin Xiong , Dawei Zhu , Tianyu Liu , Zhifang Sui , Sujian Li

In this paper, we present FedRewind, a novel approach to decentralized federated learning that leverages model exchange among nodes to address the issue of data distribution shift. Drawing inspiration from continual learning (CL) principles…

Low-frequency word prediction remains a challenge in modern neural machine translation (NMT) systems. Recent adaptive training methods promote the output of infrequent words by emphasizing their weights in the overall training objectives.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Tong Zhang , Wei Ye , Baosong Yang , Long Zhang , Xingzhang Ren , Dayiheng Liu , Jinan Sun , Shikun Zhang , Haibo Zhang , Wen Zhao

Recently, data-driven based Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems have achieved state-of-the-art results. And transfer learning is often used when those existing systems are adapted to the target domain, e.g., fine-tuning, retraining.…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-04-18 Jiabin Xue , Jiqing Han , Tieran Zheng , Xiang Gao , Jiaxing Guo

Existing learning methods often struggle to balance interpretability and predictive performance. While models like nearest neighbors and non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) offer high interpretability, their predictive performance on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Brian K. Vogel

Continual Learning (CL) methods aim to enable machine learning models to learn new tasks without catastrophic forgetting of those that have been previously mastered. Existing CL approaches often keep a buffer of previously-seen samples,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Dong Gong , Qingsen Yan , Yuhang Liu , Anton van den Hengel , Javen Qinfeng Shi

The Forward-Forward (FF) Algorithm has been recently proposed to alleviate the issues of backpropagation (BP) commonly used to train deep neural networks. However, its current formulation exhibits limitations such as the generation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Andreas Papachristodoulou , Christos Kyrkou , Stelios Timotheou , Theocharis Theocharides