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Recent advances in large language models elicit reasoning in a chain-of-thought that allows models to decompose problems in a human-like fashion. Though this paradigm improves multi-step reasoning ability in language models, it is limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Daniel Rose , Vaishnavi Himakunthala , Andy Ouyang , Ryan He , Alex Mei , Yujie Lu , Michael Saxon , Chinmay Sonar , Diba Mirza , William Yang Wang

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown that Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning can substantially improve performance on complex reasoning tasks. At the same time, In-Context Learning (ICL) has become an important mechanism…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Rui Chu

In this paper, we address the challenging task of multimodal reasoning by incorporating the notion of ``slow thinking'' into multimodal large language models (MLLMs). Our core idea is that models can learn to adaptively use different levels…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Kun Xiang , Zhili Liu , Terry Jingchen Zhang , Yinya Huang , Yunshuang Nie , Kaixin Cai , Yiyang Yin , Runhui Huang , Hanhui Li , Yihan Zeng , Yu-Jie Yuan , Jianhua Han , Lanqing Hong , Hang Xu , Xiaodan Liang

Language-Image Pre-training has demonstrated promising results on zero-shot and few-shot downstream tasks by prompting visual models with natural language prompts. However, most recent studies only use a single prompt for tuning, neglecting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Jiaxin Ge , Hongyin Luo , Siyuan Qian , Yulu Gan , Jie Fu , Shanghang Zhang

Chain-of-thought (CoT) advances the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) and achieves superior performance in complex reasoning tasks. However, most CoT studies rely on carefully designed human-annotated rational chains to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-28 KaShun Shum , Shizhe Diao , Tong Zhang

We explore how generating a chain of thought -- a series of intermediate reasoning steps -- significantly improves the ability of large language models to perform complex reasoning. In particular, we show how such reasoning abilities emerge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-12 Jason Wei , Xuezhi Wang , Dale Schuurmans , Maarten Bosma , Brian Ichter , Fei Xia , Ed Chi , Quoc Le , Denny Zhou

This is the second in a series of short reports that seek to help business, education, and policy leaders understand the technical details of working with AI through rigorous testing. In this report, we investigate Chain-of-Thought (CoT)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Lennart Meincke , Ethan Mollick , Lilach Mollick , Dan Shapiro

Autoregressive multimodal large language models have recently gained popularity for image generation, driven by advances in foundation models. To enhance alignment and detail, newer approaches employ chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Zeqi Gu , Markos Georgopoulos , Xiaoliang Dai , Marjan Ghazvininejad , Chu Wang , Felix Juefei-Xu , Kunpeng Li , Yujun Shi , Zecheng He , Zijian He , Jiawei Zhou , Abe Davis , Jialiang Wang

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) is widely applied to enhance the LLM capability in math, coding and reasoning tasks. However, its performance is limited for open-domain tasks, when there are no clearly defined reasoning steps or logical transitions.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Qingqing Gu , Dan Wang , Yue Zhao , Xiaoyu Wang , Zhonglin Jiang , Yong Chen , Hongyan Li , Luo Ji

The Chain-of-Thought (CoT) paradigm has emerged as a critical approach for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, despite their widespread adoption and success, CoT methods often exhibit instability…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Yu Wang , Shiwan Zhao , Zhihu Wang , Heyuan Huang , Ming Fan , Yubo Zhang , Zhixing Wang , Haijun Wang , Ting Liu

As language models have become increasingly successful at a wide array of tasks, different prompt engineering methods have been developed alongside them in order to adapt these models to new tasks. One of them is Tree-of-Thoughts (ToT), a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Alan Boyle , Isha Gupta , Sebastian Hönig , Lukas Mautner , Kenza Amara , Furui Cheng , Mennatallah El-Assady

Chain of Thought (CoT) prompting can encourage language models to engage in multi-step logical reasoning. The quality of the provided demonstrations significantly influences the success of downstream inference tasks. Current unsupervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yufeng Zhang , Xuepeng Wang , Lingxiang Wu , Jinqiao Wang

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled strong reasoning capabilities through Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting, which elicits step-by-step problem solving, but often at the cost of excessive verbosity in intermediate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Simon A. Aytes , Jinheon Baek , Sung Ju Hwang

Chain-of-thought (CoT) decoding enables language models to improve reasoning performance at the cost of high generation latency in decoding. Recent proposals have explored variants of contemplation tokens, a term we introduce that refers to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Jeffrey Cheng , Benjamin Van Durme

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has shown promise in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) on text-attributed graphs (TAGs). This work reframes CoT-based graph learning through the principle of clustering as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Xuanting Xie , Zhaochen Guo , Bingheng Li , Xingtong Yu , Zhifei Liao , Zhao Kang , Yuan Fang

Chain of Thought (CoT) was introduced in recent research as a method for improving step-by-step reasoning in Large Language Models. However, CoT has limited applications such as its need for hand-crafted few-shot exemplar prompts and no…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Arda Sevinc , Abdurrahman Gumus

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting elicits large language models (LLMs) to produce a series of intermediate reasoning steps before arriving at the final answer. However, when transitioning to vision-language models (VLMs), their text-only…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Jun Gao , Yongqi Li , Ziqiang Cao , Wenjie Li

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting can effectively elicit complex multi-step reasoning from Large Language Models~(LLMs). For example, by simply adding CoT instruction ``Let's think step-by-step'' to each input query of MultiArith dataset,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Jiuhai Chen , Lichang Chen , Heng Huang , Tianyi Zhou

Since the launch of ChatGPT at the end of 2022, generative dialogue models represented by ChatGPT have quickly become essential tools in daily life. As user expectations increase, enhancing the capability of generative dialogue models to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Yuetong Zhao , Hongyu Cao , Xianyu Zhao , Zhijian Ou

Recently, Interleaved-modal Chain-of-Thought (ICoT) reasoning has achieved remarkable success by leveraging both multimodal inputs and outputs, attracting increasing attention. While achieving promising performance, current ICoT methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Xu Liu , Yongheng Zhang , Qiguang Chen , Yao Li , Sheng Wang , Libo Qin