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Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) has become a prominent technique for the analysis of image databases, text databases and other information retrieval and clustering applications. In this report, we define an exact version of NMF. Then…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2007-09-27 Stephen A. Vavasis

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is widely used for clustering with strong interpretability. Among general NMF problems, symmetric NMF is a special one that plays an important role in graph clustering where each element measures the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Mengyuan Zhang , Kai Liu

Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) has proven to be a powerful unsupervised learning method for uncovering hidden features in complex and noisy data sets with applications in data mining, text recognition, dimension reduction, face…

This paper tackles two major problem settings for interpretability of audio processing networks, post-hoc and by-design interpretation. For post-hoc interpretation, we aim to interpret decisions of a network in terms of high-level audio…

We present a novel graphical framework for modeling non-negative sequential data with hierarchical structure. Our model corresponds to a network of coupled non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) modules, which we refer to as a positive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2009-07-16 Brian K. Vogel

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is a powerful tool in data exploratory analysis by discovering the hidden features and part-based patterns from high-dimensional data. NMF and its variants have been successfully applied into diverse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-07-27 Lihua Zhang , Shihua Zhang

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is a linear dimensionality reduction technique for nonnegative data, with applications such as hyperspectral unmixing and topic modeling. NMF is a difficult problem in general (NP-hard), and its…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-11 Junjun Pan , Valentin Leplat , Michael Ng , Nicolas Gillis

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) has been widely used to learn low-dimensional representations of data. However, NMF pays the same attention to all attributes of a data point, which inevitably leads to inaccurate representation. For…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Jiao Wei , Can Tong , Bingxue Wu , Qiang He , Shouliang Qi , Yudong Yao , Yueyang Teng

Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) models are widely used to recover linearly mixed nonnegative data. When the data is made of samplings of continuous signals, the factors in NMF can be constrained to be samples of nonnegative rational…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-31 Cécile Hautecoeur , Lieven De Lathauwer , Nicolas Gillis , François Glineur

Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) has already been applied to learn speaker characterizations from single or non-simultaneous speech for speaker recognition applications. It is also known for its good performance in (blind) source…

Sound · Computer Science 2016-05-02 Jeroen Zegers , Hugo Van hamme

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) has become a very popular technique in machine learning because it automatically extracts meaningful features through a sparse and part-based representation. However, NMF has the drawback of being…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2012-12-07 Nicolas Gillis

We introduce a probabilistic model with implicit norm regularization for learning nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) that is commonly used for predicting missing values and finding hidden patterns in the data, in which the matrix…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Jun Lu , Christine P. Chai

We introduce negative binomial matrix factorization (NBMF), a matrix factorization technique specially designed for analyzing over-dispersed count data. It can be viewed as an extension of Poisson matrix factorization (PF) perturbed by a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-08 Olivier Gouvert , Thomas Oberlin , Cédric Févotte

Most state-of-the-art top-N collaborative recommender systems work by learning embeddings to jointly represent users and items. Learned embeddings are considered to be effective to solve a variety of tasks. Among others, providing and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Giovanni Gabbolini , Edoardo D'Amico , Cesare Bernardis , Paolo Cremonesi

Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is an unsupervised learning method offering low-rank representations across various domains such as audio processing, biomedical signal analysis, and image recognition. The incorporation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Yasaman Torabi , Shahram Shirani , James P. Reilly

Matrix factorization techniques, especially Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF), have been widely used for dimensionality reduction and interpretable data representation. However, existing NMF-based methods are inherently single-scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Jichao Zhang , Ran Miao , Limin Li

Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) has been continuously evolving in several areas like pattern recognition and information retrieval methods. It factorizes a matrix into a product of 2 low-rank non-negative matrices that will define…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-04-04 Jing-Yan Wang , Mustafa AbdulJabbar

In the Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) problem we are given an $n \times m$ nonnegative matrix $M$ and an integer $r > 0$. Our goal is to express $M$ as $A W$ where $A$ and $W$ are nonnegative matrices of size $n \times r$ and $r…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-11-04 Sanjeev Arora , Rong Ge , Ravi Kannan , Ankur Moitra

We introduce a new method based on nonnegative matrix factorization, Neural NMF, for detecting latent hierarchical structure in data. Datasets with hierarchical structure arise in a wide variety of fields, such as document classification,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Tyler Will , Runyu Zhang , Eli Sadovnik , Mengdi Gao , Joshua Vendrow , Jamie Haddock , Denali Molitor , Deanna Needell

Audio inpainting, i.e., the task of restoring missing or occluded audio signal samples, usually relies on sparse representations or autoregressive modeling. In this paper, we propose to structure the spectrogram with nonnegative matrix…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-06 Ondřej Mokrý , Paul Magron , Thomas Oberlin , Cédric Févotte