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Large foundation models are becoming ubiquitous, but training them from scratch is prohibitively expensive. Thus, efficiently adapting these powerful models to downstream tasks is increasingly important. In this paper, we study a principled…

Orthogonal parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) adapts pretrained weights through structure-preserving multiplicative transformations, but existing methods often conflate two distinct design choices: the subspace in which adaptation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Lanxin Zhao , Bamdev Mishra , Pratik Jawanpuria , Lequan Lin , Dai Shi , Junbin Gao , Andi Han

A prevalent approach in Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) of pre-trained Vision Transformers (ViT) involves freezing the majority of the backbone parameters and solely learning low-rank adaptation weight matrices to accommodate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Yiting Yang , Hao Luo , Yuan Sun , Qingsen Yan , Haokui Zhang , Wei Dong , Guoqing Wang , Peng Wang , Yang Yang , Hengtao Shen

Orthogonal finetuning (OFT) offers highly parameter-efficient adaptation while preventing catastrophic forgetting, but its high runtime and memory demands limit practical deployment. We identify the core computational bottleneck in OFT as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Zeju Qiu , Weiyang Liu , Adrian Weller , Bernhard Schölkopf

Driven by the rapid growth of model parameters, parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has become essential for adapting large models to diverse downstream tasks under constrained computational resources. Within this paradigm, orthogonal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Fei Wu , Jia Hu , Geyong Min , Shiqiang Wang

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has emerged as an critical technique for adapting large-scale foundation models across natural language processing and computer vision. While existing methods such as low-rank adaptations achieve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 An Nguyen , Jaesik Choi , Anh Tong

Foundation models encode rich representations that can be adapted to downstream tasks by fine-tuning. However, fine-tuning a model on one data distribution often degrades performance under distribution shifts. Current approaches to robust…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Caroline Choi , Yoonho Lee , Annie Chen , Allan Zhou , Aditi Raghunathan , Chelsea Finn

Pretrained Foundation Models (PFMs) have transformed numerous applications by enabling efficient adaptation to customized tasks. Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) has emerged as a resource-efficient alternative to full fine-tuning,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Baoquan Zhang , Guangning Xu , Michael. K. Ng

Domain generalization (DG) aims to avoid the performance degradation of the model when the distribution shift between the limited training data and unseen test data occurs. Recently, foundation models with enormous parameters have been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Jiajun Hu , Jian Zhang , Lei Qi , Yinghuan Shi , Yang Gao

Adaptation of foundation models using low-rank methods is a widespread approach. Another way to adapt these models is to employ orthogonal fine-tuning methods, which are less time and memory efficient despite their good generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Alejandro Moreno Arcas , Albert Sanchis , Jorge Civera , Alfons Juan

Accurately localizing and segmenting relevant objects from optical remote sensing images (ORSIs) is critical for advancing remote sensing applications. Existing methods are typically built upon moderate-scale pre-trained models and employ…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Yanguang Sun , Chao Wang , Jian Yang , Lei Luo

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods have emerged as a practical solution for adapting large foundation models to downstream tasks, reducing computational and memory costs by updating only a small subset of parameters. Among them,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Guoan Wan , Tianyu Chen , Fangzheng Feng , Haoyi Zhou , Runhua Xu

Foundation models pretrained on large-scale natural images are widely adapted to various cross-domain low-resource downstream tasks, benefiting from generalizable and transferable patterns captured by their representations. However, these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Wenqiang Zu , Shenghao Xie , Hao Chen , Zhiqiang Chen , Liwen Hu , Yuanhao Xi , Yiming Liang , Junliang Ye , Bo Lei , Tiejun Huang , Guoqi Li , Lei Ma

With the growing size of pre-trained models, full fine-tuning and storing all the parameters for various downstream tasks is costly and infeasible. In this paper, we propose a new parameter-efficient fine-tuning method, Gradient-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Zhi Zhang , Qizhe Zhang , Zijun Gao , Renrui Zhang , Ekaterina Shutova , Shiji Zhou , Shanghang Zhang

Earth observation (EO) is crucial for monitoring environmental changes, responding to disasters, and managing natural resources. In this context, foundation models facilitate remote sensing image analysis to retrieve relevant geoinformation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Francesc Marti-Escofet , Benedikt Blumenstiel , Linus Scheibenreif , Paolo Fraccaro , Konrad Schindler

The large models, as predicted by scaling raw forecasts, have made groundbreaking progress in many fields, particularly in natural language generation tasks, where they have approached or even surpassed human levels. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Luping Wang , Sheng Chen , Linnan Jiang , Shu Pan , Runze Cai , Sen Yang , Fei Yang

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) has emerged as a key strategy for adapting large-scale pre-trained models to downstream tasks, but existing approaches face notable limitations. Addition-based methods, such as Adapters, introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Kenneth Yang , Wen-Li Wei , Jen-Chun Lin

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) improves in-domain performance but can degrade out-of-domain (OOD) generalization. Prior work suggests that this degradation is related to changes in dominant singular subspaces of pretrained weight matrices.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Hangzhan Jin , Tianwei Ni , Lu Li , Pierre-Luc Bacon , Mohammad Hamdaqa , Doina Precup

Fine-tuning pre-trained models has recently yielded remarkable performance gains in graph neural networks (GNNs). In addition to pre-training techniques, inspired by the latest work in the natural language fields, more recent work has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Shengrui Li , Xueting Han , Jing Bai

Visual Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) has become a powerful alternative for full fine-tuning so as to adapt pre-trained vision models to downstream tasks, which only tunes a small number of parameters while freezing the vast…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Haoyu He , Jianfei Cai , Jing Zhang , Dacheng Tao , Bohan Zhuang
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