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The remarkable achievements obtained by open-source large language models (LLMs) in recent years have predominantly been concentrated on tasks involving the English language. In this paper, we aim to advance the performance of Llama2 models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 George-Andrei Dima , Andrei-Marius Avram , Cristian-George Crăciun , Dumitru-Clementin Cercel

Instruction tuning has become a key technique for enhancing the performance of large language models, enabling them to better follow human prompts. However, low-resource languages such as Luxembourgish face severe limitations due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Fred Philippy , Laura Bernardy , Siwen Guo , Jacques Klein , Tegawendé F. Bissyandé

In cross-lingual language understanding, machine translation is often utilized to enhance the transferability of models across languages, either by translating the training data from the source language to the target, or from the target to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Tingfeng Cao , Chengyu Wang , Chuanqi Tan , Jun Huang , Jinhui Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have garnered significant attention due to their remarkable ability to process information across various languages. Despite their capabilities, they exhibit inconsistencies in handling identical queries in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Yue Huang , Chenrui Fan , Yuan Li , Siyuan Wu , Tianyi Zhou , Xiangliang Zhang , Lichao Sun

We investigate how large language models perform on low-resource languages by benchmarking eight LLMs across five experimental conditions in English, Kazakh, and Mongolian. Using 50 hand-crafted questions spanning factual, reasoning,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Abdul-Salem Beibitkhan

While large language models (LLMs) are empowered with broad knowledge, their task-specific performance is often suboptimal. It necessitates fine-tuning LLMs with task-specific data, but such data may be inaccessible due to privacy concerns.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Yongheng Deng , Ziqing Qiao , Ju Ren , Yang Liu , Yaoxue Zhang

Zero-shot cross-lingual transfer by fine-tuning multilingual pretrained models shows promise for low-resource languages, but often suffers from misalignment of internal representations between languages. We hypothesize that even when the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Ryokan Ri , Shun Kiyono , Sho Takase

The success of pretrained cross-lingual language models relies on two essential abilities, i.e., generalization ability for learning downstream tasks in a source language, and cross-lingual transferability for transferring the task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Zewen Chi , Heyan Huang , Luyang Liu , Yu Bai , Xian-Ling Mao

The performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) on many tasks is greatly limited by the knowledge learned during pre-training and stored in the model's parameters. Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is a popular and efficient training technique for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Sergey Pletenev , Maria Marina , Daniil Moskovskiy , Vasily Konovalov , Pavel Braslavski , Alexander Panchenko , Mikhail Salnikov

Open-source large language models (LLMs) have gained significant strength across diverse fields. Nevertheless, the majority of studies primarily concentrate on English, with only limited exploration into the realm of multilingual abilities.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Haoyu Wang , Shuo Wang , Yukun Yan , Xujia Wang , Zhiyu Yang , Yuzhuang Xu , Zhenghao Liu , Liner Yang , Ning Ding , Xu Han , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Perfect machine translation (MT) would render cross-lingual transfer (XLT) by means of multilingual language models (mLMs) superfluous. Given, on the one hand, the large body of work on improving XLT with mLMs and, on the other hand, recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Benedikt Ebing , Goran Glavaš

Current large language models (LLMs) often exhibit imbalances in multilingual capabilities and cultural adaptability, largely attributed to their English-centric pre-training data. In this paper, we introduce and investigate cross-lingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Yangfan Ye , Xiaocheng Feng , Xiachong Feng , Libo Qin , Yichong Huang , Lei Huang , Weitao Ma , Qichen Hong , Zhirui Zhang , Yunfei Lu , Xiaohui Yan , Duyu Tang , Dandan Tu , Bing Qin

To democratize large language models (LLMs) to most natural languages, it is imperative to make these models capable of understanding and generating texts in many languages, in particular low-resource ones. While recent multilingual LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Wen Lai , Mohsen Mesgar , Alexander Fraser

The scarcity of non-English data limits the development of non-English large language models (LLMs). Transforming English-centric LLMs to non-English has been identified as an effective and resource-efficient method. Previous works start…

Adapting large language models to other languages typically employs supervised fine-tuning (SFT) as a standard approach. However, it often suffers from an overemphasis on English performance, a phenomenon that is especially pronounced in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Jungseob Lee , Seongtae Hong , Hyeonseok Moon , Heuiseok Lim

Using a language model (LM) pretrained on two languages with large monolingual data in order to initialize an unsupervised neural machine translation (UNMT) system yields state-of-the-art results. When limited data is available for one…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Alexandra Chronopoulou , Dario Stojanovski , Alexander Fraser

This paper investigates a critical design decision in the practice of massively multilingual continual pre-training -- the inclusion of parallel data. Specifically, we study the impact of bilingual translation data for massively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Shaoxiong Ji , Zihao Li , Jaakko Paavola , Hengyu Luo , Jörg Tiedemann

Existing large language models show disparate capability across different languages, due to the imbalance in the training data. Their performances on English tasks are often stronger than on tasks of other languages. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Wenhao Zhu , Yunzhe Lv , Qingxiu Dong , Fei Yuan , Jingjing Xu , Shujian Huang , Lingpeng Kong , Jiajun Chen , Lei Li

In this paper, we introduce a method for fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs), inspired by Multi-Task learning in a federated manner. Our approach leverages the structure of each client's model and enables a learning scheme that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ahmed Elbakary , Chaouki Ben Issaid , Tamer ElBatt , Karim Seddik , Mehdi Bennis

Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve impressive performance in a wide range of tasks, even if they are often trained with the only objective of chatting fluently with users. Among other skills, LLMs show emergent abilities in mathematical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Flavio Petruzzellis , Alberto Testolin , Alessandro Sperduti